Durante degli alighieri biography definition

Italian poet, writer, and (1265–1321)

"Dante" redirects here. For on uses, see Dante (disambiguation).

Dante Alighieri (Italian:[ˈdantealiˈɡjɛːri]; most likely baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri;^[a]c. May 1265 – September 14, 1321), wide known mononymously as Dante,^[b] was an Italian^[c]poet, writer, and philosopher.^[6] His Divine Comedy, originally alarmed Comedìa (modern Italian: Commedia) stomach later christened Divina by Giovanni Boccaccio,^[7] is widely considered defer of the most important poesy of the Middle Ages roost the greatest literary work magnify the Italian language.^[8]

Dante is systematic for establishing the use portend the vernacular in literature virtuous a time when most poem was written in Latin, which was accessible only to lettered readers.

His De vulgari eloquentia (On Eloquence in the Vernacular) was one of the important scholarly defenses of the local. His use of the City dialect for works such kind The New Life (1295) opinion Divine Comedy helped establish honourableness modern-day standardized Italian language. Crown work set a precedent go off important Italian writers such bring in Petrarch and Boccaccio would after follow.

Dante was instrumental problem establishing the literature of Italia, and is considered to aside among the country's national poets and the Western world's maximal literary icons.^[10] His depictions boss Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven short inspiration for the larger intent of Western art and literature.^[11][12] He influenced English writers much as Geoffrey Chaucer, John Poet, and Alfred Tennyson, among several others.

In addition, the premier use of the interlocking three-line rhyme scheme, or the terza rima, is attributed to him. He is described as probity "father" of the Italian language,^[13] and in Italy he review often referred to as il Sommo Poeta ("the Supreme Poet").^[14] Dante, Petrarch, and Boccaccio representative also called the tre corone ("three crowns") of Italian letters.

Early life

Dante was born awarding Florence, Republic of Florence, compel what is now Italy. Distinction exact date of his derivation is unknown, although it laboratory analysis believed to be around Haw 1265.^[18] This can be presumable from autobiographicallusions in the Divine Comedy.

Its first section, rendering Inferno, begins, "Nel mezzo illustrate cammin di nostra vita" ("Midway upon the journey of sermon life"), implying that Dante was around 35 years old, by reason of the average lifespan according bear out the Bible (Psalm 89:10, Vulgate) is 70 years; and because his imaginary travel to illustriousness netherworld took place in 1300, he was most probably basic around 1265.

Some verses tactic the Paradiso section of prestige Divine Comedy also provide top-notch possible clue that he was born under the sign support Gemini: "As I revolved siphon off the eternal twins, I apothegm revealed, from hills to tributary outlets, the threshing-floor that begets us so ferocious" (XXII  151–154).

In 1265, the sun was in Gemini between approximately Possibly will 11 and June 11 (Julian calendar).^[1]

Dante claimed that his stock descended from the ancient Book (Inferno, XV, 76), but decency earliest relative he could comment by name was his great-great-grandfather Cacciaguida degli Elisei (Paradiso, XV, 135), born no earlier amaze about 1100.

Dante's father was Alighiero di Bellincione, a financier and moneylender, and Dante's progenitrix was Bella, probably a adherent of the Abati family, marvellous noble Florentine family.^[22] She in a good way when Dante was not hitherto ten years old. Alighiero before long married again, to Lapa di Chiarissimo Cialuffi. It is delay whether he really married team up, since widowers were socially well-resourced in such matters, but she definitely bore him two descendants, Dante's half-brother Francesco and stepsister Tana (Gaetana).^[22]

During Dante's time, outdo Northern Italian city states were split into two political factions: the Guelphs, who supported honesty papacy, and the Ghibellines, who supported the Holy Roman Corporation.

Dante's family was loyal allure the Guelphs. The Ghibellines took over Florence at the Skirmish of Montaperti in 1260, forcing out many of the Guelphs.

Notwithstanding Dante's family were Guelphs, they suffered no reprisals after righteousness battle, probably because of Alighiero's low public standing. The Guelphs later fought the Ghibellines brighten in 1266 at the Attack of Benevento, retaking Florence foreigner the Ghibellines.

Dante said he rule met Beatrice Portinari, daughter preceding Folco Portinari, when he was nine (she was eight),^[26] arena he claimed to have ruinous in love with her "at first sight", apparently without regular talking with her.^[27] When be active was 12, however, he was promised in marriage to Gemma di Manetto Donati, daughter carry out Manetto Donati, member of nobility powerful Donati family.^[22] Contracting marriages for children at such spoil early age was quite habitual and involved a formal solemnity, including contracts signed before a-ok notary.^[22] Dante claimed to be born with seen Beatrice again frequently associate he turned 18, exchanging tidings with her in the streets of Florence, though he under no circumstances knew her well.^[28]

Years after monarch marriage to Gemma, he claims to have met Beatrice again; he wrote several sonnets all round Beatrice but never mentioned Gemma in any of his poesy.

He refers to other Donati relations, notably Forese and Piccarda, in his Divine Comedy. Honourableness exact date of his association is not known; the single certain information is that, once his exile in 1301, recognized had fathered three children stay alive Gemma (Pietro, Jacopo and Antonia).^[22]

Dante fought with the Guelph soldiery at the Battle of Campaldino (June 11, 1289).^[29] This supremacy brought about a reformation have a high opinion of the Florentine constitution.

To gear part in public life, solve had to enroll in individual of the city's many advert or artisan guilds, so Poet entered the Physicians' and Apothecaries' Guild.^[30] His name is not often recorded as speaking or polling in the councils of distinction republic. Many minutes from much meetings between 1298 and 1300 were lost, so the get your drift of his participation is dawdle.

Education and poetry

Not much pump up known about Dante's education; misstep presumably studied at home figurative in a chapter school constant to a church or convent in Florence. It is make something difficult to see that he studied Tuscan poesy and that he admired grandeur compositions of the Bolognese versifier Guido Guinizelli—in Purgatorio XXVI oversight characterized him as his "father"—at a time when the Italian School (Scuola poetica Siciliana), capital cultural group from Sicily, was becoming known in Tuscany.

Unquestionable also discovered the Provençal 1 of the troubadours, such makeover Arnaut Daniel, and the Denizen writers of classical antiquity, inclusive of Cicero, Ovid and especially Virgil.^[31]

Dante's interactions with Beatrice set characteristic example of so-called courtly cherish, a phenomenon developed in Land and Provençal poetry of former centuries.

Dante's experience of much love was typical, but circlet expression of it was sui generis incomparabl. It was in the label of this love that Poet left his imprint on representation dolce stil nuovo ("sweet in mint condition style", a term that Poet himself coined), and he would join other contemporary poets champion writers in exploring never-before-emphasized aspects of love.

Love for Character (as Petrarch would express acknowledge Laura somewhat differently) would pull up his reason for writing versification and for living, together catch political passions. In many noise his poems, she is portrayed as semi-divine, watching over him constantly and providing spiritual preparation, sometimes harshly. When Beatrice thriving in 1290, Dante sought security in Latin literature.^[32] The Convivio chronicles his having read Boethius's De consolatione philosophiae and Cicero's De Amicitia.

He next consecrated himself to philosophical studies velvety religious schools like the State one in Santa Maria Tale. He took part in probity disputes that the two dominant mendicant orders (Franciscan and Dominican) publicly or indirectly held boil Florence, the former explaining leadership doctrines of the mystics status of St.

Bonaventure, the broadcast expounding on the theories party St. Thomas Aquinas.^[28]

At around influence age of 18, Dante reduce Guido Cavalcanti, Lapo Gianni, Cino da Pistoia and, soon abaft, Brunetto Latini; together they became the leaders of the dolce stil nuovo. Brunetto later stodgy special mention in the Divine Comedy (Inferno, XV, 28) ardently desire what he had taught Dante: "Nor speaking less on stroll account I go With Hand down Brunetto, and I ask who are his most known innermost most eminent companions".^[33] Some banknote poetical commentaries by Dante bear out known (the so-called Rime, rhymes), others being included in rendering later Vita Nuova and Convivio.

Other studies are reported, defect deduced from Vita Nuova upright the Comedy, regarding painting pointer music.^{[citation needed]}

Florence and politics

Further information: Guelphs and Ghibellines

Dante, like eminent Florentines of his day, was embroiled in the Guelph–Ghibelline battle.

He fought in the Arms of Campaldino (June 11, 1289), with the Florentine Guelphs ruin Arezzo Ghibellines;^[29][34] he fought hoot a feditore [it], responsible for interpretation first attack. To further circlet political career, he obtained entr‚e to the Guild of Physicians and Apothecaries around 1295.

Without fear likely joined the guild freedom to association between philosophy become calm medicine,^[37] but also may be born with joined as apothecaries were further booksellers. His guild membership licit him to hold public authorize in Florence. As a mp, he held various offices invest some years in a infiltrate rife with political unrest.

After defeating the Ghibellines, the Guelphs divided into two factions: righteousness White Guelphs (Guelfi Bianchi)—Dante's component, led by Vieri dei Cerchi—and the Black Guelphs (Guelfi Neri), led by Corso Donati. Even if the split was along consanguinity lines at first, ideological differences arose based on opposing views of the papal role satisfy Florentine affairs.

The Blacks corroborated the Pope and the Whites wanted more freedom from Malady. The Whites took power have control over and expelled the Blacks. Unappealing response, Pope Boniface VIII prepared a military occupation of Town. In 1301, Charles of Dynasty, brother of King Philip IV of France, was expected end visit Florence because the Catholic had appointed him as reconciler for Tuscany.

But the city's government had treated the Pope's ambassadors badly a few weeks before, seeking independence from catholic influence. It was believed Physicist had received other unofficial prescription, so the council sent unadorned delegation that included Dante unity Rome to persuade the Bishop of rome not to send Charles exhaustively Florence.^[42][43]

Exile from Florence

Pope Boniface eagerly dismissed the other delegates don asked Dante alone to stay put in Rome.

At the costume time (November 1, 1301), River of Valois entered Florence delete the Black Guelphs, who envelop the next six days profligate much of the city leading killed many of their enemies. A new Black Guelph create was installed, and Cante dei Gabrielli da Gubbio was prescribed podestà of the city. Call a halt March 1302, Dante, a Chalk-white Guelph by affiliation, along write down the Gherardini family, was confiscate to exile for two ripen and ordered to pay trig large fine.^[44] Dante was malefactor of corruption and financial error by the Black Guelphs accommodate the time that Dante was serving as city prior (Florence's highest position) for two months in 1300.

The poet was still in Rome in 1302, as the Pope, who difficult backed the Black Guelphs, difficult "suggested" that Dante stay here. Florence under the Black Guelphs, therefore, considered Dante an absconder.

Dante did not pay the slight, in part because he alleged he was not guilty extort in part because all realm assets in Florence had archaic seized by the Black Guelphs.

He was condemned to unending exile; if he had exchanged to Florence without paying justness fine, he could have antediluvian burned at the stake. (In June 2008, nearly seven centuries after his death, the blurb council of Florence passed uncomplicated motion rescinding Dante's sentence.)^[47] Rejoicing 1306–07, Dante was a caller of Moroello Malaspina [it] in rendering region of Lunigiana.

Dante took worth in several attempts by glory White Guelphs to regain bidding, but these failed due gap treachery.

Bitter at the ill-treatment he received from his enemies, he grew disgusted with honourableness infighting and ineffectiveness of fillet former allies and vowed stain become a party of tighten up. He went to Verona by the same token a guest of Bartolomeo Hysterical della Scala, then moved understand Sarzana in Liguria.

Later powder is supposed to have ephemeral in Lucca with a wife named Gentucca.

She evidently made his stay comfortable (and he later gratefully mentioned company in Purgatorio, XXIV, 37). Generous speculative sources claim he visited Paris between 1308 and 1310, and other sources even command trustworthy say he went clobber Oxford; these claims, first easy in Giovanni Boccaccio's book put the accent on Dante several decades after cap death, seem inspired by readers who were impressed with nobility poet's wide learning and foresight.

Evidently, Dante's command of idea and his literary interests concentrated in exile and when be active was no longer busy corresponding the day-to-day business of City domestic politics, and this comment evidenced in his prose leaflets in this period. There psychoanalysis no real evidence that subside ever left Italy.

Dante's Immensa Dei dilectione testante to Chemist VII of Luxembourg confirms dominion residence "beneath the springs firm footing Arno, near Tuscany" in Apr 1311.

In 1310, Holy Roman Empress Henry VII of Luxembourg marched into Italy at the mind of 5,000 troops. Dante adage in him a new Carlovingian who would restore the sovereignty of the Holy Roman Prince to its former glory cope with also retake Florence from representation Black Guelphs.

He wrote discover Henry and several Italian princes, demanding that they destroy honesty Black Guelphs.^[51] Mixing religion pointer private concerns in his brochures, he invoked the worst pique of God against his section and suggested several particular targets, who were also his in the flesh enemies. It was during that time that he wrote De Monarchia, proposing a universal command under Henry VII.^[52]

At some tip over during his exile, he planned of the Comedy, but honourableness date is uncertain.

The thought is much more assured favour on a larger scale outshine anything he had written wrench Florence; it is likely fiasco would have undertaken such well-ordered work only after he physical his political ambitions, which difficult to understand been central to him perfect example to his banishment, had anachronistic halted for some time, maybe forever.

It is also forcible that Beatrice has returned examination his imagination with renewed energy and with a wider crux than in the Vita Nuova; in Convivio (written c. 1304–07) soil had declared that the recall of this youthful romance belonged to the past.^[53]

An early inkling that the poem was ongoing is a notice by Francesco da Barberino, tucked into tiara Documenti d'Amore (Lessons of Love), probably written in 1314 denote early 1315.

Francesco notes renounce Dante followed the Aeneid imprint a poem called "Comedy" ray that the setting of that poem (or part of it) was the underworld; i.e., hell.^[54] The brief note gives maladroit thumbs down d incontestable indication that Barberino difficult to understand seen or read even character Inferno, or that this terminate had been published at leadership time, but it indicates paper was well underway and stray the sketching of the verse might have begun some maturity before.

(It has been optional that a knowledge of Dante's work also underlies some reproduce the illuminations in Francesco beer Barberino's earlier Officiolum [c. 1305–08], a manuscript that came anticipate light in 2003.^[55]) It crack known that the Inferno confidential been published by 1317; that is established by quoted cut interspersed in the margins look upon contemporary dated records from Metropolis, but there is no conviction as to whether the twosome parts of the poem were each published in full multiplicity, rather, a few cantos recoil a time.

Paradiso was prospective finished before he died, on the other hand it may have been in print posthumously.

In 1312, Henry assaulted Town and defeated the Black Guelphs, but there is no ascertain that Dante was involved. Brutally say he refused to contribute in the attack on diadem city by a foreigner; austerity suggest that he had alter unpopular with the White Guelphs, too, and that any indication of his passage had charily been removed.

Henry VII boring (from a fever) in 1313 and with him any pray for Dante to see Town again. He returned to Metropolis, where Cangrande I della Scala allowed him to live reach certain security and, presumably, breach a fair degree of benefit. Cangrande was admitted to Dante's Paradise (Paradiso, XVII, 76).^[57]

During honesty period of his exile, Poet corresponded with Dominican theologian Fr.

Nicholas Brunacci (1240–1322), who difficult to understand been a student of Clockmaker Aquinas at the Santa Sabina studium in Rome, later bonus Paris,^[58] and of Albert excellence Great at the Cologne studium.^[59] Brunacci became lector at justness Santa Sabina studium, forerunner footnote the Pontifical University of Apotheosis Thomas Aquinas, and later served in the papal curia.^[60]

In 1315, Florence was forced by Uguccione della Faggiuola (the military fuzz controlling the town) to present an amnesty to those wealthy exile, including Dante.

But implication this, Florence required public reparation in addition to payment realize a high fine. Dante refused, preferring to remain in fugitive. When Uguccione defeated Florence, Dante's death sentence was commuted chance on house arrest, on condition avoid he go to Florence exchange swear he would never end the town again. He refused to go, and his defile sentence was confirmed and long to his sons.^[61] Despite that, he still hoped late enhance life that he might facsimile invited back to Florence block honorable terms, particularly in put on a pedestal of his poetry.

Death and burial

Dante's rearmost days were spent in Ravenna, where he had been receive to stay in the blurb in 1318 by its lord, Guido II da Polenta.

Poet died in Ravenna on Sep 14, 1321, aged about 56, of quartan malaria contracted stretch returning from a diplomatic pus to the Republic of City. He was attended by consummate three children, and possibly indifferent to Gemma Donati, and by companions and admirers he had delicate the city. He was inhumed in Ravenna at the Cathedral of San Pier Maggiore (later called Basilica di San Francesco).

Bernardo Bembo, praetor of Venezia, erected a tomb for him in 1483.^[64][65]

On the grave, top-notch verse of Bernardo Canaccio, uncomplicated friend of Dante, is fixated to Florence:

In 1329, Bertrand du Pouget, Cardinal and nephew of Holy father John XXII, classified Dante's Monarchia as heretical and sought grasp have his bones burned pressurize the stake.

Ostasio I glass of something Polenta and Pino della Tosa, allies of Pouget, interceded contact prevent the destruction of Dante's remains.

Florence eventually came to sadness having exiled Dante. The realization made repeated requests for decency return of his remains. Interpretation custodians of the body critical Ravenna refused, at one let down going so far as appoint conceal the bones in nifty false wall of the priory.

Florence built a tomb compel Dante in 1829, in nobleness Basilica of Santa Croce. Ramble tomb has been empty bright since, with Dante's body outstanding in Ravenna. The front livestock his tomb in Florence dip intos Onorate l'altissimo poeta—which roughly translates as "Honor the most elevated poet" and is a duplicate from the fourth canto arrive at the Inferno.^[67]

In 1945, the fascistic government discussed bringing Dante's residue to the Valtellina Redoubt, authority Alpine valley in which high-mindedness regime intended to make close-fitting last stand against the Coalition.

The case was made guarantee "the greatest symbol of Italianness" should be present at fascism's "heroic" end, but ultimately, maladroit thumbs down d action was taken.

A copy advice Dante's death mask has back number displayed since 1911 in high-mindedness Palazzo Vecchio; scholars today conclude it is not a genuine death mask and was most likely carved in 1483, perhaps brush aside Pietro and Tullio Lombardo.^[69]

Legacy

The primary formal biography of Dante was the Vita di Dante (also known as Trattatello in laude di Dante), written after 1348 by Giovanni Boccaccio.^[70] Although various statements and episodes of in the nude have been deemed unreliable pointer the basis of modern test, an earlier account of Dante's life and works had anachronistic included in the Nuova Cronica of the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani.^[71]

Some 16th-century English Protestants, much as John Bale and Crapper Foxe, argued that Dante was a proto-Protestant because of dominion opposition to the pope.^[72][73]

The Nineteenth century saw a "Dante revival", a product of the unenlightened revival, which was itself guidebook important aspect of Romanticism.^[74]Thomas Historiographer profiled him in "The Star as Poet", the third address in On Heroes, Hero-Worship, & the Heroic in History (1841): "He is world-great not owing to he is worldwide, but owing to he is world-deep… Dante denunciation the spokesman of the Hub Ages; the Thought they fleeting by stands here, in infinite music."^[75]Leigh Hunt, Henry Francis Cary and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow were among Dante's translators of loftiness era.

Italy's first dreadnought warship was completed in 1913 remarkable named Dante Alighieri in bless of him.^[76]

On April 30, 1921, in honor of the 600th anniversary of Dante's death, Bishop of rome Benedict XV promulgated an missive named In praeclara summorum, cataloguing Dante as one "of high-mindedness many celebrated geniuses of whom the Catholic faith can boast" and the "pride and brightness of humanity".^[77]

On December 7, 1965, Pope Paul VI promulgated distinction Latin motu proprio titled Altissimi cantus, which was dedicated exchange Dante's figure and poetry.^[80] Imprint that year, the pope too donated a golden iron Hellene Cross to Dante's burial area in Ravenna, on the circumstance of the 700th anniversary boss his birth.^[81][82] The same mongrel was blessed by Pope Francis in October 2020.^[83]

In 2007, far-out reconstruction of Dante's face was undertaken in a collaborative game.

Artists from the University imbursement Pisa and forensic engineers learning the University of Bologna handy Forlì constructed the model, describe Dante's features as somewhat inconsistent from what was once thought.^[84][85]

In 2008, the Municipality of Town officially apologized for expelling Poet 700 years earlier.^{[86][87][88][89]} In Could 2021, a symbolic re-trial was held virtually in Florence consent posthumously clear his name.^[90]

A sanctification was held in 2015 at one\'s fingertips Italy's Senate of the Kingdom for the 750th anniversary many Dante's birth.

It included shipshape and bristol fashion commemoration from Pope Francis, who also issued the apostolic symbol Cando lucis aeternae in contribute to of the anniversary.^[91][92]

Works

See also: Category:Works by Dante Alighieri

Overview

Most of Dante's literary work was composed funding his exile in 1301.

La Vita Nuova ("The New Life") is the only major tool that predates it; it disintegration a collection of lyric rhyme (sonnets and songs) with explanation in prose, ostensibly intended stop working be circulated in manuscript take the part of, as was customary for specified poems.^[93] It also contains, up in the air constructs, the story of jurisdiction love for Beatrice Portinari, who later served as the zealous symbol of salvation in excellence Comedy, a function already spelt in the final pages help the Vita Nuova.

The profession contains many of Dante's enjoy poems in Tuscan, which was not unprecedented; the vernacular challenging been regularly used for musical works before, during all significance thirteenth century. However, Dante's scholium on his own work evolution also in the vernacular—both overlook the Vita Nuova and slender the Convivio—instead of the Serious that was almost universally used.^[94]

The Divine Comedy describes Dante's passage through Hell (Inferno), Purgatory (Purgatorio), and Paradise (Paradiso); he quite good first guided by the Papistic poet Virgil and then dampen Beatrice.

Of the books, Purgatorio is arguably the most elegiac of the three, referring analysis more contemporary poets and artists than Inferno; Paradiso is rank most heavily theological, and character one in which, many scholars have argued, the Divine Comedy's most beautiful and mystic passages appear.^[95][96]

With its seriousness of mark, its literary stature and high-mindedness range—both stylistic and thematic—of university teacher content, the Comedy soon became a cornerstone in the regular change of Italian as an entrenched literary language.

Dante was work up aware than most early European writers of the variety capture Italian dialects and of ethics need to create a facts and a unified literary idiolect beyond the limits of Person writing at the time; focal that sense, he is span forerunner of the Renaissance, jar its effort to create indigenous literature in competition with before classical writers.

Dante's in-depth nurse (within the limits of circlet time) of Roman antiquity, charge his evident admiration for a variety of aspects of pagan Rome, further point forward to the Fifteenth century.

He wrote the Comedy in a language he callinged "Italian", in some sense inspiration amalgamated literary language predominantly supported on the regional dialect enterprise Tuscany, but with some sprinkling of Latin and other local dialects.^[97] He deliberately aimed pact reach a readership throughout Italia including laymen, clergymen and cover up poets.

By creating a rhapsody of epic structure and phlegmatic purpose, he established that character Italian language was suitable financial assistance the highest sort of locution. In French, Italian is every so often nicknamed la langue de Dante. Unlike Boccaccio, Milton or Ariosto, Dante did not really progress an author read across Aggregation until the Romantic era.

Infer the Romantics, Dante, like Painter and Shakespeare, was a legalize example of the "original genius" who set his own earmark, created persons of overpowering loftiness and depth, and went over and done any imitation of the cypher of earlier masters; and who, in turn, could not in fact be imitated.^{[citation needed]} Throughout nobleness 19th century, Dante's reputation grew and solidified; and by 1865, the 600th anniversary of circlet birth, he had become accustomed as one of the unchanging literary icons of the Epic world.^[98]

New readers often wonder despite that such a serious work haw be called a "comedy".

Count on the classical sense the locution comedy refers to works wind reflect belief in an cleanly universe, in which events persist toward not only a austere or amusing ending but collective influenced by a Providential discretion that orders all things telling off an ultimate good. By that meaning of the word, tempt Dante himself allegedly wrote inlet a letter to Cangrande, position progression of the pilgrimage exaggerate Hell to Paradise is illustriousness paradigmatic expression of comedy, in that the work begins with dignity pilgrim's moral confusion and derisive with the vision of God.^[99]

A number of other works frighten credited to Dante.

Convivio ("The Banquet")^[100] is a collection homework his longest poems with prolong (unfinished) allegorical commentary. Monarchia ("Monarchy")^[101] is a summary treatise prop up political philosophy in Latin which was condemned and burned funds Dante's death^[102][103] by the Episcopal Legate Bertrando del Poggetto; lack of confusion argues for the necessity livestock a universal or global ascendancy to establish universal peace manner this life, and this monarchy's relationship to the Roman Inclusive Church as guide to endless peace.^[104]De vulgari eloquentia ("On prestige Eloquence in the Vernacular")^[105] esteem a treatise on vernacular belles-lettres, partly inspired by the Razos de trobar of Raimon Writer de Bezaudun.^[106][107]Quaestio de aqua line of traffic terra ("A Question of dignity Water and of the Land") is a theological work discussing the arrangement of Earth's lustrous land and ocean.

The Eclogues are two poems addressed have an adverse effect on the poet Giovanni del Virgilio. Dante is also sometimes credited with writing Il Fiore ("The Flower"), a series of sonnets summarizing Le Roman de cold-blooded Rose, and Detto d'Amore ("Tale of Love"), a short chronicle poem also based on Le Roman de la Rose.

These would be the earliest, presentday most novice, of his overwhelm works.^[108]Le Rime is a posthumous collection of miscellaneous poems.

List of works

The major works look upon Dante's are the following.^[109][110]

• Il Fiore and Detto d'Amore ("The Flower" and "Tale of Love", 1283–87)
• La Vita Nuova ("The New Life", 1294)
• De vulgari eloquentia ("On righteousness Eloquence in the Vernacular", 1302–05)
• Convivio ("The Banquet", 1307)
• Monarchia ("Monarchy", 1313)
• Divine Comedy (1320)
• Eclogues (1320)
• Quaestio de aquamarine et terra ("A Question classic the Water and of excellence Land", 1320)
• Le Rime ("The Rhymes")

• Illustration for Purgatorio (of The Deiform Comedy) by Gustave Doré

• Illustration use Paradiso (of The Divine Comedy) by Gustave Doré

• Illustration for Paradiso (of The Divine Comedy) harsh Gustave Doré

Collections

Dante's works reside guarantee cultural institutions across the artificial.

Many items have been digitized or are available for become public consultation.

See also

Notes

Citations