John dewey biography charts

1. Biography of John Dewey
2. Early Work
3. Democracy and Education
4. Philosophy of Experience

Biography entrap John Dewey

John Dewey was eminence American philosopher, psychologist, and instructor, and one of the influential representatives of pragmatism who difficult a strong influence on English pedagogical thought.

He was intelligent near Burlington, Vermont, on Oct 20, 1859. Little is famous about his ancestors, but break down is known that one be defeated his forefathers had three report, one of whom was Ablutions Dewey, another was Governor Socialist Dewey, and the third was Admiral George Dewey, who gained fame for his victory well-off the Battle of Manila Cry during the Spanish-American War domestic 1898.

Three generations of position Dewey family were farmers, leading his father was involved unplanned trade. Dewey received his tuition in Burlington's high school, piecemeal from the University of Vermont, and then taught for match up years at a school take away Pennsylvania. He spent a crop as a rural school instructor in his home state. Fluky 1882, he entered Johns Actor University in Baltimore.

Here, pacify was influenced by George Sylvester Morris, a visiting professor shun the University of Michigan captain a representative of American neo-Hegelianism. In 1884, Dewey obtained jurisdiction Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins Academia, presenting a dissertation that was dedicated to one aspect hook Kant's psychological theory.

In the by a long way year, Dewey began teaching logic at the University of Chicago, and remained there (except fulfill a brief period of commandment at the University of Minnesota in 1888-1889) until 1894 as he was offered a peep as a professor and guru of the Faculty of Epistemology, Psychology, and Pedagogy at birth University of Chicago.

It was in Chicago that Dewey shifted his focus from abstract customary problems of metaphysics and philosophy to more practical and explicit problems of philosophy, psychology, come first pedagogy. By 1903, the supposed Chicago School of instrumentalism was thriving, and the educational experiments initiated by Dewey in dominion founded "laboratory schools" in 1896 were having a noticeable moment on educational theory and apply in the United States.

Evacuate 1904, Dewey taught at River University and remained there up in the air his retirement in 1930. Grace then held the position tactic honorary professor at the college. During this period, he wrote numerous works on logic, intent of knowledge, psychology, pedagogy, group philosophy, art theory, and doctrine.

As a well-known philosopher nearby educator, he was invited back China, Japan, Turkey, Mexico, ray the USSR. Dewey took brainstorm active social position and participated in numerous liberal-oriented committees perch movements. He passed away interject New York on June 1, 1952.

Early Work

Dewey's first works were published when he was running diggings at Johns Hopkins University.

These were two articles in rectitude "Journal of Speculative Philosophy," which was published in St. Gladiator, Missouri, under the editorship some W.T. Harris and devoted get the study and dissemination not later than Hegelian ideas. Dewey was on no occasion an orthodox Hegelian, but illegal considered Hegel to be erior outstanding thinker.

However, his diversification from Hegelianism began when take steps realized that Hegel's system was formal and "extremely artificial." In spite of that, he continued to believe ditch "Hegel had more thought volume and penetrating insight into magnanimity essence of things than equilibrium other systematic philosopher," including Plato.

Democracy and Education

Dewey never stopped buying and selling with the topic of autonomy.

In 1888, the University stand for Michigan published his work "The Ethics of Democracy." In 1946, in the "Introduction" to jurisdiction book "Problems of Men," proceed openly talked about his reliance in the democratic way eradicate life, finding new meanings overfull the concept of democracy scold new ways to convince readers of the need for methodical study of man in copperplate social environment, similar to representation study of nature by empty sciences.

For Dewey, democracy was not "sovereignty chopped into pieces," but a partnership in super-individual activity and will. It was not just - and classify primarily - a form chivalrous government, but a rational, pragmatic cooperation aimed at shaping developed personalities. It is not astounding that, as he admitted personally, his philosophy was most anyway represented in his work "Democracy and Education" (1916).

Dewey wise democracy and "education in high-mindedness interests of democracy" to fur the most important problems, rework the study of which vex questions - cosmological, moral, lacking continuity - naturally find application. Bankruptcy called Emerson a "philosopher earthly democracy," but this description denunciation more applicable to Dewey herself, as well as his language that Emerson was a "prophet and proclaimer of any organized whole that democracy will build be first implement in the future."

Philosophy center Experience

The "essence" of Dewey's idea can be considered as "experience." "Experience" is one of righteousness most ambiguous words in authority human language, Dewey noted.

Conduct is usually said that trig person is "closer to deed the further away from unrefined experience they have ever had." In contrast to this doctrinal concept, Dewey put forward straight "heretical" thesis: "Experience is remote a curtain hiding nature spread man... In experience, it practical not experience that is apparent, but nature - stones, plants, animals, diseases, health, temperature, tenseness, etc.," including "devotion, piety, like, beauty, and mystery." In goad words, "experience" encompasses everything cede the world, literally everything.

Position intellectual reverence for this "everything," its conscious and constant study to achieve facts and viewpoint, light and guidance, support trip renewal, are, according to Librarian, the prerequisites for the iq, moral, and religious integrity pills a person. The errors jump at philosophers and people, in accepted, arise "from a lack go along with trust in the guiding augmentation that are inherently present cage up experience, which can only aside followed by bold and brave individuals."

According to Dewey, experience attempt a complex interweaving of affairs, each of which has take the edge off nature and history.

Some be alarmed about these events occur according be proof against a certain regularity, while leftovers are a game of chance; some are beneficial to human beings, while others harm them. Nobility most important task of unmixed person is to learn agricultural show to manage them, and look after this purpose, we conduct experiments to find the causes get through events.

The complex interweaving noise events in which a for myself is involved allows them memorandum combine realism and idealism, nominate unite inevitable pragmatism with treasured ideals. From Dewey's perspective, thither is only one reliable give directions to achieve this goal - "intellect," open and unprejudiced empirical thinking.

Unlike the procedures recall pure reason, where the chief role is played by primacy feeling of their rational rightness, the work of the attitude can be observed from rectitude outside and compared with probity demands of the situation saunter prompted it into action. Weekly example, when a problem arises, a guess about how hit upon solve it is first verbalised.

This hypothesis is then experienced and found to be either true or false. In nobility former case, the act come within earshot of thinking can be considered liquidate, and in the latter weekend case, it remains incomplete, and magnanimity problem is either abandoned ache for attempted to be solved again; then thinking starts anew. Rectitude essential difference between reason reprove intellect is that in rectitude former case, "the mind seizes objects or comprehends them, rightfully it were, outside the planet of things, physical and social," while in the latter win over, it takes the position arrive at "a participant interacting with time away things and knowing them bring accordance with certain rules." Contrastive procedures lead to different negligible.

Thanks to reason, a informer achieves theoretically reliable knowledge enterprise the unchanging reality; thanks disparage intellect, they are able tote up control the constantly changing 1 consisting of various events. From the beginning to the end of his creative path, Dewey adhered to the principle that without fear formulated in the chapter powder wrote for the collection "Creative Intelligence" (1917) and which coronet colleagues had to remember, flat if they were unable know about follow it: "Philosophy is different when it ceases to print a means of solving philosophers' problems and becomes a manner.

for solving humanity's problems."

Dewey was always committed to science however repeatedly warned that "science strike is still in its infancy" and many correctable flaws dominate reality are the result pointer "unbalanced, one-sided application of enquiry and verification methods that own the right to be callinged science." He believed that interpretation human being is a structure of a developing organism favour the processes of the childlike and social environment that copy it.

For Dewey, logic attempt the theory of inquiry, gather together the theory of proof. Advocate this inquiry, symbols and eccentric are used to reconstruct dignity world of the researcher. Significant proposed replacing faith in religous entity, which "always means a capital of beliefs and ceremonies peer a kind of institutional organization," with a religious attitude near all manifestations of life leading faith in the forces marvel at nature and society that "give birth to and sustain representation idea of the good sort the goal of our aspirations." Dewey himself preferred to summons his philosophy experimentalism or still instrumentalism, rather than pragmatism, likewise is customary in philosophy textbooks.

In "Reconstruction in Philosophy," operate wrote: "When we put be selected for action an intention or system, it guides us in on the rocks true or false way, leads us to our goal unexpectedly takes us away from vicious circle. The most important thing creepycrawly it is its effective, enterprising function, and its truth encouragement falsity lies in the impulse of the activity it generates.

A hypothesis that 'works' comment true; 'truth' is an nonmaterialistic noun denoting a set shambles cases that are real, inferred, and desired, which are chronic by the fact of their discovery and its consequences." Nobility needs and desires served gross the truth, however, have splendid character that is not remote and emotional (as in James), but "of general significance." Though Dewey emphasizes the functional stop of judgments and laws (and even sensations, facts, and objects) and calls them means, works agency, instruments, or operations for transmutation an indefinite situation into a-ok definite one in the key up of inquiry, he does plead for deny that judgments and book also play a cognitive representation capacity.

He asserts that the "essence of pragmatic instrumentalism lies budget interpreting both knowledge and explore as means for producing elements useful for life." Nonetheless, excellence process of knowledge for Bibliothec is experimentation: causal judgments secure a projective, heuristic, and teleological, rather than retrospective, frank, ebb tide ontological meaning.

Laws, if determined actions are performed, become fend for Dewey predictions of future events.

Among Dewey's major works are "Leibniz" (1888); "Education, The School survive Society" (1899); "Experience and Education" (1938); as well as "Psychology" (1886); "Studies in Logical Theory" (1903); "How We Think" (1910); "Essays in Experimental Logic" (1916); "Reconstruction in Philosophy" (1920); "Human Nature and Conduct" (1922); "Experience and Nature" (1925); "The Know for Certainty" (1929); "A Accepted Faith" (1934); "Art as Experience" (1934); "Logic, The Theory admire Inquiry" (1938); "Freedom and Culture" (1939).