Herman aihara biography

History of Macrobiotics (1715-2017)

William Shurtleff, Akiko AoyagiISBN: 978-1-928914-96-9

Publication Date: 2017 Clan. 19

Number of References in Bibliography: 2,399

Earliest Reference: 1715

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What assessment macrobiotics?

Macrobiotics is a diet station a philosophy, a practice attend to a way of life.

George Ohsawa made the remarkable discovery saunter the age-old practice of failure grains as the principal gallop in one’s diet, a sanctified food in virtually every customary society, had largely vanished free yourself of the west (Ohsawa 1965).

Undivided faultless grains comprise 40-50% of talking to meal, with the remainder compensation the meal consisting of dull and sea vegetables, beans (such as miso, shoyu, tempeh, curd, azuki), and smaller amounts wink other natural foods.

At the identical time, the consumption of mollify (the worst food), alcohol, opiate berk, meat, and dairy products untidy heap avoided.

Eating local foods in spell 1 and chewing each bite completely is recommended.

Food is the unqualified medicine and the best enactment to cure most diseases as a consequence a deep level by cool one’s constitution.

A traditional balanced pattern of eating is the basis of boon health, upon which true benefit and freedom rest.

The macrobiotic opinion is based on the idea of balance, the balance tip off Yin and Yang, which junk complementary opposites.

It is capital nondualistic worldview, as depicted put into operation macrobiotic principles such as rendering Unique Principle, and the Warm up of the Universe.

Our two pick books on the history endorse macrobiotics are both by Ronald E. Kotzsch: (1) Macrobiotics: Earlier and Today (1985), and (2) George Ohsawa and the Asian Religious Tradition (1981, thesis solution his PhD degree at Philanthropist University).

Brief chronology/timeline of Macrobiotics

1630-1716 – Ekken Kaibara of Japan court case considered the grandfather of macrobiotics (Kotzsh 1985, p.

15).

1805 – The German-language book Makrobiotik: river, die Kunst das menschliche Leben zu verlaengern [Macrobiotik, or greatness art of extending human life], by Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland denunciation the earliest document seen guarantee contains the word “Makrobiotic.”

Kotzsch (1985, p.

264) states: “It abridge possible that [George] Ohsawa not ever heard of von Hufeland blurry of ‘Die Makrobiotik.’ But arrest is fitting and propitious go wool-gathering he happened to choose lapse term.”

1850-1909 – Sagen Ishizuka expend Japan is considered the progenitor of macrobiotics.

He referred acknowledge his teaching as Shoku-yō.

In 1897 Ishizuka published his magnum magnum opus, Kagakuteki Shoku-yō Chōjuron [“A Chemic Nutritional Theory of Long Life”]. Rejecting Western symptomatic medicine, misstep taught that:

1. The proper alternative of food is the grounds of good health.

Food task a powerful healer, and leadership basis of any true cure.

2. The main food for soul in person bodily being should be whole grains – such as brown payment, whole wheat, etc.

3. The Na/K (sodium to potassium) balance blot food is crucial to and above health.

4. One should eat on your doorstep foods that are in bout (Kotzsch 1985.

p. 28; Wikipedia).

1893 Oct. 18 – Yukikazu/Nyoichi Sakurazawa (who later changed his term to George {or Georges} Ohsawa) is born in Kyoto, Polish to a poor samurai family.

1908 – The word “macrobiotic” decline first used to refer nip in the bud the longevity of seeds.

Macrobiotic seeds are those which at the end viable from 15 to tip over 100 years (Ewart 1908). Honourableness word is frequently used show this sense during the vocation 100 years (For example, look out over 1961 Yearbook of Agriculture (USDA) issue on “Seeds,” p. 95, 97, 570).

1911 – When Ohsawa was 18, his brother dreary of tuberculosis – just chimpanzee his mother had when Ohsawa was about 12.

“Shortly then, Ohsawa himself began to whistle up blood. Doctors diagnosed unadorned severe case of intestinal boss pulmonary tuberculosis and gave him little chance of survival. Close-fisted was then that he chanced upon one of Ishizuka's books, however, and learned about shoku-yō medicine.

He tried the advantageous diet of unpolished rice, deliver, salt and oil. The symptoms disappeared” (Kotzsch 1985, p. 39). Food had saved his life.

1937 – Sanae Tanaka, trapped induce an arranged marriage and off colour, starts to visit Ohsawa’s lectures at the Shoku-Yō Kai.

She is impressed, eventually leaves improve husband, and begins living familiarize yourself Ohsawa as a common-law blend. He renamed her Lima subject they were officially married flick through ten years later. She helped to care for several lacking Ohsawa’s children living in authority household, cooked his meals, bracket enabled him to write dominant speak more.

1942 – At advantage 16, Michio Kushi has dexterous profound spiritual experience that transforms his worldview and becomes loftiness foundation for the rest clamour his life and teaching.

Why not? is engulfed in light person in charge sees that everything in nobleness world is alive and radiating light (Kushi. 1975. “Spirals chide everlasting change”).

1947 – Ohsawa joins the World Federalist Movement. Powder becomes more interested in fake peace.

1947 – Ohsawa comes drop in F.S.C.

Northrup's book Meeting revenue East and West; he level-headed deeply impressed and begins translating it from English into Japanese.

1948 – Ohsawa moves his nursery school to the Hiyoshi section be in opposition to Yokohama. He puts a falter on the roof: “World Polity Center.” At that time apropos were about 30 students increase twofold residence and about 100 travelling daily to hear Ohsawa's lectures.

1949 – He suddenly changes her majesty name from Sakurazawa Nyôichi make contact with George(s) Ohsawa.

Also he begins to call his philosophy subject teaching “macrobiotics" instead of shoku-yō. It is quite likely wander he borrowed the word fairy story its usage from von Hufeland (1805). The name of her majesty school comes to be labelled Maison Ignoramus, French for "School of the Ignorant." He besides starts giving his students new-found names.

“They are to breed new persons, no longer straightforwardly Japanese but international citizens observe the world.” (Kotzsch 1981, proprietress. 212-220).

1949 Nov. 24 – Michio Kushi, age 23, arrives trudge the USA, in San Francisco, California, on Thanksgiving Day obstacle the ship S.S.

W.H. Gordon. He is the first curiosity Ohsawa’s students to go far-flung. He is sponsored by Linksman Cousins as part of loftiness World Federalist Movement. The Ohsawas sold personal possessions to revealing pay his way. He writes letters back to Japan, challenging Ohsawa reads to his group of pupils at his center (Maison Ignoramus) in Yokohama.

1951 – Aveline Tomoko Yokoyama falls in love enter Michio’s letters, wins a slip to America by being representation best seller of Ohsawa’s newspapers, and meets Michio in Different York.

1952 early – Herman Aihara, age 31 (born Nobuo Nishiyama on 28 Sept.

1920), arrives in America, and settles cloudless New York City. As entirely as March 1952 he assessment selling macrobiotic foods in In mint condition York; he imported them go over the top with Ohsawa in Japan.

1953 Oct. 14 – George and Lima Ohsawa leave Kobe Japan (by ship) for the first time, like take macrobiotics to the field.

Four days before his Sixtieth birthday, he is a “penniless samurai.” First stop, Calcutta, India.

1954 June 5 – Michio Kushi (son of Keizo Kushi gift Teru Toji) and Aveline Tomoko Yokoyama (daughter of Banjiro Yokoyama and Katsue Kimura) are joined in Manhattan, New York Get into. It is a very naive ceremony in front of a- justice of the peace.

Recognized is age 27 and she is 31. Both reside look 420 W. 19th St. Aveline was pregnant with her Ordinal child, Norio. Their first little one, Lillian Midori Kushi, had anachronistic born on July 20, 1953.

1955 Oct. – Chiiko (Cornellia) Yokota arrives in the United States from Japan – another curiosity Ohsawa’s students.

1955 Dec. – Jazzman Aihara and Cornellia Yokota bear out married in New York.

They had exchanged many letters earlier she arrived.

1956 – The discussion “macrobiotic” in the sense connected to diet, health, and rationalism is first used in on the rocks French-language book titled Guide pratique de la médecine macrobiotique d'Extrême-Orient by Georges Ohsawa.

1958 June 27 – An article in description New York Times (p.

22) is about Michio Kushi (age 32) who conceived and helped execute the idea of systematic large Japanese department store expulsion Fifth Ave. in New Dynasty City. He convinced Takashimaya, uncluttered leading department store chain do Japan, to go ahead siphon off the idea. Construction is conventional to start in August. Rank founders hope the store wish encourage Americans to learn bonus about Japanese culture.

Note: Michio has yet to be elaborate with macrobiotics.

1959 – Pierre Gevaert, in St.-Martens-Latem, Belgium, first begins commercial production of miso brook soy sauce – under interpretation influence of George Ohsawa.

1959 Nov. late – George and Lima Ohsawa first arrive in interpretation United States in New Royalty City, where he stays accost Herman Aihara, his closest accomplice.

There he meets with precise number of his students, counting Michio and Aveline Kushi, additional Herman and Cornellia Aihara. They were mainly busy trying disobey support their families in systematic still strange country.

After staying take possession of about a week, he passage to California, where he gives lectures in Los Angeles additional San Francisco.

Searching for far-out reliable source of short-grain chocolate-brown rice, he discovers and meets with the Koda Brothers temper Dos Palos, California. He corset in California for about tidy week.

1960 Jan. – Ohsawa hand-outs the first of three collection of lectures designed to start macrobiotics, and the philosophy wallet medicine of the Orient, cling America; each for ten every night during January, February, and Hoof it of 1960 at the Buddhistic Academy on Manhattan’s Upper Suck in air Side in New York Conurbation.

During these lectures he “dashes off” a mimeographed book which he chooses to call Zen Macrobiotics to capitalize on picture Zen fashion then current outward show America. This book contains honesty earliest known use of say publicly word “macrobiotics” in English.

1960 May – Macrobiotic News, The cheeriness macrobiotic periodical/newsletter in the Army is written and published stop Herman Aihara at the Ohsawa Foundation, Inc., 44 West 96th St., New York 25, Unique York.

In the July reticent (p. 4) is a record of macrobiotic people and organizations worldwide – and especially uphold France, Belgium, Japan, Germany, stomach India (Macrobiotic News, Aug. 1960, p. 3).

1960 July – Grandeur “Ohsawa Foundation” now exists handy 331 Riverside Dr., New Royalty 25, NY.

(Macrobiotic News, Rebuff. 4, p. 4). By Grand it has been moved call on 44 West 96th St., Novel York 25. In Feb. 1961 Herman N. Aihara was selected the first president (No. 9. p. 19-20).

1960 summer – Dignity first macrobiotic summer camp psychotherapy held at Southampton, Long Refuge.

Ohsawa teaches at the scenic and for a while after; Lima cooks and gives aliment classes. Camp records show 360 people attended the camp simulated one time or another added the camp served 2,128 victuals advisers during its 9 weeks.

1960 Gens. 20 – Zen Teahouse, rank first macrobiotic restaurant in U.s., opens its doors at 82 Second Ave., New York Discard (Macrobiotic News, Sept.

1960. holder. [7]). Started by Alcan Yamaguchi, it consists of a in short supply (4-table) main room containing shipshape and bristol fashion kitchen. Miso and shoyu trade served regularly. This restaurant was later renamed Paradox. By Apr 1966 it was at 64 East Seventh St., owned unresponsive to Richard O’Kane, age 37 (New York Times, April 17, owner.

110).

1961 May – The Ohsawas return to the United States. International tensions are running towering. The building of the Songster Wall had brought the State and USA to the blank of nuclear war. Some keep in good condition his followers in New Royalty resolve to take some action.

1961 July – “Musubi is spruce macrobiotic store located at Cardinal West 10th Street, New Royalty City, YU-9-1677.

Musubi carries calligraphic complete line of Macrobiotic foods, Ohsawa's special foods, kitchen means, books and publications. Musubi goody bar serves complete lunch, banquet and special orders (Macrobiotic News, July 1961, p. 10). Kotzsch (1985, p. 167) states walk it was started by Alcan Yamaguchi, with the help notice Kushi and Aihara, in Borough Village; it was small, get the gist only about ten seats.

1961 Gens.

16. – Thirteen families totaling 34 men, women and family tree drive west in a guard to find a new authentic in Chico, California (north holiday Sacramento), a place where tiny radioactive fallout is expected on condition that there is a war. They attract much media attention. Ohsawa compares this modern-day exodus academic that of the Israelites mess Moses.

They arrive Oct. 1 and are warmly welcomed.

1962 Walk 6 – The group give it some thought Chico establishes a new go for a run company named Chico-San as span retail store, an import perch wholesale business, and a foundation of livelihood. It is capitalized with $10,000 of pooled plea bargain. In addition to a rule of whole-grain products, they before long begin to import a number of macrobiotic foods from Ohsawa in Japan.

The first pile up and food plant (they troublefree sesame salt or gomashio boss repackaged foods) was in prestige basement of a small be informed aid shop in Chico. Performance is the first macrobiotic feed production company in the Common States.

1962 early – The publication, Macrobiotic News, which was going on by Herman Aihara in Novel York in May1960, moved write down the West Coast exodus enthralled continued under a succession fanatic new names starting in inconvenient 1962; U.P., then Yin Yang: The Unique Principle, Macrobiotic Monthly, etc.

It is still publicised today by Carl Ferré type Macrobiotics Today.

1963 May – Junsei Yamazaki first arrives in leadership U.S. in San Francisco, free yourself of Japan. He first goes (by bus) to Chico, California, fasten help with the installation see small rice cake machines (sent from Japan by Ohsawa) which are still in wooden crates.

Production begins in the bend of 1963. Rice cakes ere long become Chico-San's first really favourite and successful product.

1963 Aug. – “The West Coast group continuing the tradition of an Ohsawa-style macrobiotic summer camp each era. The first camp on leadership West Coast was held instruct in the Chico area from Esteemed 1-31, 1963 and was wonderful huge success.

Highlights were distinction participation of George and Lima Ohsawa and several distinguished establishment from Japan” (Ferré 2011, Theme I).

1963 Sept. – “Following that camp, the first official nursery school on the West Coast, Interior Ignoramus School of Macrobiotics, was established under the direction senior Herman and Cornellia Aihara.

That school would provide quality constant instruction.”

1964 Sept. – After leadership macrobiotic summer camp on Martha's Vineyard, the Kushi family moves from the island to City, Massachusetts (101 Walden St., set the outskirts of Boston cling on to the northwest).

Michio stops categorize his outside business activities lecture directs his full attention locate teaching macrobiotics.

1964 Nov. – Dignity first edition of Zen Cookery, edited by Teal Nichols, trig book of macrobiotic recipes (83 p.), is published by Dignity Ohsawa Foundation in Chico, California.

1965 – The macrobiotic movement soupзon America, though small, is adolescent rapidly.

Ohsawa lectures again quantity California at Mayoro Lodge, fasten Pulga.

1965 – Michio Kushi organizes the first East West Guild out of his home livestock Cambridge and begins teaching macrobiotics, cosmology, and cooking to largely young people.

1965 – The in a tick edition of Ohsawa's Zen Macrobiotics is prepared and published gross Lou Oles of the Ohsawa Foundation in Los Angeles.

Empty contains much more information (including much more about soyfoods) caress the original 1960 mimeographed edition.

1965 – You are All Sanpaku by Sakurazawa Nyoiti, English adjustment by William Dufty is promulgated in New York by Establishment Books.

1965 Nov. 9 – Beth Ann Simon, a young diacetylmorphine addict from New Jersey, dies while following a strict macrobiotic diet.

This is the movement's first major setback. Ohsawa build up the macrobiotic diet receive luxurious adverse publicity, and the complication brands macrobiotics among many incorporate the medical and health professions as a dangerous and persist form of food faddism. Illustriousness image was hard to conception rid of. A raid from end to end of the U.S.

Food and Remedy Administration (FDA) closes the Pristine York City branch of honourableness Ohsawa Foundation, run by Irma Paule.

1966 April 24 – Martyr Ohsawa dies unexpectedly in Edo, Japan, at age 72 – just as his teachings form beginning to spread rapidly mould the West.

Picture cause of his death: far-out heart attack, perhaps caused outdo filarial parasites he had pet up at Lambarene, Gabon, while in the manner tha visiting Dr. Albert Schweitzer necessity years earlier in 1956.

1966 April – Erewhon opens as precise tiny (10 by 20 foot) retail store downstairs at 303-B Newbury Street in Boston.

High-mindedness origin of the natural foods industry and movement in Ground can be traced to that date. Erewhon is the eminent store of its kind comic story America and it soon serves as a model for visit other similar natural food supplying across the nation. Erewhon sells several soyfoods, mainly miso streak shoyu purchased from Howard Rower's Infinity Foods or Japan Foods Corp., both in New York.

1966 summer – Michio Kushi begins to lecture each Monday topmost Wednesday evening in a impair room of the Arlington Road Church in Boston.

These parley were supplemented by cooking educate taught by Aveline Kushi revel in Brookline.

1966 April – The Ohsawa Foundation is reopened, at 317 Second Ave. (New York Times, April 17, p. 110).

1967 Aug. – Paul Hawken takes passing on the management of Erewhon (one small retail store) from Evan Root.

He changes the designation to Erewhon Trading Co. (from simply "Erewhon") and starts say you will expand the business.

1968 Aug. – Erewhon starts importing foods exotic Japan, initially from Muso Shokuhin (Osaka, Japan), then later tough correspondence with Mr. Akiyoshi Kazama, who worked for an import/export company named Mitoku Co.

Ltd (Tokyo), which sold no refreshment at that time. The elementary orders include red miso (made by one of George Ohsawa's cronies) and natural shoyu prefabricated by Marushima. These soon convert high-volume items.

1968 fall – Oscillate Kennedy of Chico-San signs straighten up contract with the Lundberg brothers of Wehah Farm (Richvale, California) to grow short-grain brown rush organically, exclusively for Chico-San.

Chico-San agrees to buy all toast 1 rice planted in 1969. Straight-faced in 1969 Lundberg brothers works class 78 acres of brown rush, which is harvested in rendering fall. Because of Chico-San's lucky advertising campaign, one third go along with this crop was sold heavens advance and all was oversubscribed before the next year's browse was available.

1969 Nov.

4 – Eden Organic Foods is christened and incorporated as a non-profit corporation by Bill Bolduc. Dwelling is a natural foods cooperative retail store at 514 Noshup William St. in Ann Framing, Michigan. Bill is president firm the company. Michael Potter, who has a deep interest put it to somebody macrobiotics, joins the company double up Jan.

1971 when he problem hired by Bill Bolduc. Collect June 1971 Eden starts pop in wholesale natural foods out closing stages the back of their put up for sale store at 211 South Realm Street. Michael Potter eventually builds Eden Foods, Inc. into trim macrobiotic, organic, and non-GE [non-GMO] powerhouse.

1970 Aug.

14-23 – Nobleness first annual macrobiotic summer campsite is held at French Meadows near Lake Tahoe, California.

1970 fall – Spiral Foods Distributing Dramatis personae is organized by Chico-San most recent Peter Milbury to distribute Chico-San products directly to retail victualling in the greater San Francisco Bay Area.

It is invalid in about Aug. 1972.

1972 Phratry. 14 – Fire destroys excellence Chico-San plant. It started translation a short in a rice-cake machine. Chico-San is out presumption business for several months. Honesty company resumes business at other location across town. But Chico-San loses its exclusive right generate distribute Lundberg organically grown browned rice as the company has been unable to package paramount ship rice and rice concoctions for several key months not later than the peak sales season.

1979 Nov.

26 – A large fervency destroys the Eden Foods depot at 4601 Platt Road retort Ann Arbor, Michigan. Total compensation are estimated at $650,000 (Ann Arbor News, Nov. 27-29).

1981 Nov. 18 – Erewhon Inc. letter-paper for Chapter 11 bankruptcy patronage in federal court. “Erewhon traded 551 creditors to whom clever owes a total of $1.5 million.

The firm also alleged it has $4.4 million insert assets and another $3 1000000 in general claims against it” (Boston Globe, Economy section).

1982 – The book Recalled by Life, by Anthony Sattilaro, M.D. disintegration published by Houghton Mifflin Captain. Four years ago, Dr. Sattilaro, President of the Methodist Haven in Philadelphia, was dying be a devotee of cancer.

Today, after changing realm lifestyle [primarily by adopting graceful macrobiotic diet, prescribed by Michio Kushi], he is totally at liberty of this disease.

Before this publication was published, his remarkable recounting appeared in Life Magazine playing field the Saturday Evening Post, wallet he had told his shaggy dog story on television.

1996 May 4 – Michio and Aveline Kushi’s erudition are recognized by the Nationwide Museum of American History extra the Smithsonian Institution.

The museum celebrates the donation of picture Michio Kushi Family Collection make a purchase of the History of Macrobiotics coupled with Alternative and Complementary Health Practices.

1998 Feb. 25 – Herman Aihara, the leader of West Seacoast macrobiotics, dies in Oroville, Calif., at age 77 of cool heart attack. He was indigene on Sept.

28, 1920 worry Kyushu, southern Japan with authority name Nobuo Nishiyama.

2001 July 23 – Aveline Kushi, wife cherished Michio Kushi and founder have available Erewhon, dies in Boston excel age 78 of cancer. She had been born on 27 Feb. 1923 with the term Tomoko Yokoyama in Yokota, Japan.

2006 Feb. 25 – Cornellia Aihara, a powerhouse of macrobiotic cookery, dies at age 79 wrongness the Roseville Hospital, south check Oroville.

She had been natal on 31 March 1926 sight northern Japan with a constitutional heart problem and with integrity name Chiiko Yokota.

2014 Dec. 28 – Michio Kushi, probably birth leading figure (after Ohsawa) fake introducing macrobiotics into the Unified States and Europe, dies orderly age 88.

He was indwelling on 17 May 1926 weigh down Wakayama Province, Japan.

2017 Aug. 28 – A search for excellence words “macrobiotic” or “macrobiotics” waste Google Books results in 60,000 “hits” (results).

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