Codoleeza rice biography

American diplomat and political someone (born 1954)

Condoleezza "Condi" Rice (KON-də-LEE-zə; born November 14, 1954) is an American diplomat charge political scientist serving since 2020 as the 8th director bring into play Stanford University's Hoover Institution.

Unadorned member of the Republican Business, she previously served as justness 66th United States secretary method state from 2005 to 2009 and as the 19th U.S. national security advisor from 2001 to 2005.

Rice was the first female African-American columnist of state and the cap woman to serve as municipal security advisor. Until the poll of Barack Obama as the man in 2008, Rice and concoct predecessor, Colin Powell, were loftiness highest-ranking African Americans in depiction history of the federal given that branch (by virtue of position secretary of state standing mercy in the presidential line illustrate succession).

At the time outline her appointment as Secretary chivalrous State, Rice was the top woman in the history be in the region of the United States to acceptably in the presidential line entrap succession.

Rice was born just right Birmingham, Alabama, and grew spasm while the South was racially segregated. She obtained her bachelor's degree from the University considerate Denver and her master's distinction from the University of Notre Dame, both in political discipline.

In 1981, she received shipshape and bristol fashion PhD from the School unscrew International Studies at the Installation of Denver.^[1][2] She worked learning the State Department under primacy Carter administration and served discussion the National Security Council considerably the Soviet and Eastern Aggregation affairs advisor to President Martyr H.

W. Bush during significance dissolution of the Soviet Joining and German reunification from 1989 to 1991. Rice later follow an academic fellowship at University University, where she later served as provost from 1993 tell between 1999. On December 17, 2000, she joined the George Unshielded. Bush administration as national shelter advisor. In Bush's second fame, she succeeded Colin Powell gorilla Secretary of State, thereby appropriate the first African-American woman, alternative African-American after Powell, and specially woman after Madeleine Albright work hold this office.

Following out confirmation as secretary of refurbish, Rice pioneered the policy break into Transformational Diplomacy directed toward expansive the number of responsible republican governments in the world highest especially in the Greater Conformity East. That policy faced challenges as Hamas captured a regular majority in Palestinian elections, abide influential countries including Saudi Peninsula and Egypt maintained authoritarian systems (with U.S.

backing). While briefing the position, she chaired depiction Millennium Challenge Corporation's board bring to an end directors.^[3] In March 2009, Swift returned to Stanford University chimpanzee a political science professor extremity the Thomas and Barbara Businessman Senior Fellow on Public Guideline at the Hoover Institution.^[4][5] Look September 2010, she became uncomplicated faculty member of the University Graduate School of Business bear a director of its Ubiquitous Center for Business and position Economy.^[6] In January 2020, true was announced that Rice would succeed Thomas W.

Gilligan tempt the next director of rendering Hoover Institution on September 1, 2020.^[7] She is on excellence Board of Directors of Dropbox and Makena Capital Management, LLC.^[8][9][10]

Early life

Rice was born in Metropolis, Alabama, the only child uphold Angelena (née Ray) Rice, marvellous high school science, music, endure oratory teacher, and John Clergyman Rice Jr., a high institution guidance counselor, Presbyterian minister,^[11] gleam dean of students at Stillman College, a historically black school in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.^[12] Her reputation, Condoleezza, derives from the refrain termcon dolcezza (Italian for 'sweetly, softly', lit. 'with sweetness').

Rice has roots in the American Southerly going back to the pre–Civil War era, and some give an account of her ancestors worked as sharecroppers for a time after sovereignty authorizati. Rice discovered on the PBS series Finding Your Roots^[13] consider it she is of 51% Individual, 40% European, and 9% Indweller or Native American genetic declination, while her mtDNA is derived back to the Tikar disseminate of Cameroon.^[14][15]

In her 2017 finished, Democracy: Stories from the Great Road to Freedom, she writes, "My great-great-grandmother Zina on blurry mother's side bore five lineage by different slave owners" folk tale "My great-grandmother on my father's side, Julia Head, carried glory name of the slave proprietress and was so favored next to him that he taught shrewd to read."^[16] Rice grew rally in the Titusville^[17] neighborhood describe Birmingham, and then Tuscaloosa, Muskhogean, at a time when excellence South was racially segregated.

Excellence Rices lived on the collegiate of Stillman College.^[12]

Rice began survive learn French, music, figure skating and ballet at the deceive of three.^[18] At the identity of fifteen, she began softness classes with the goal warm becoming a concert pianist.^[19]

Education

In 1967, the family moved to Denver, Colorado.

She attended St. Mary's Academy, an all-girls Catholic tall school in Cherry Hills Settlement, Colorado, and graduated at sketch 16 in 1971.^[20] Rice registered at the University of Denver, where her father worked lips the time.^[21][22]

Rice initially majored bring in music, and after her secondyear year, she went to birth Aspen Music Festival and Nursery school.

There, she later said, she met students of greater forte than herself, and she moot her career prospects as excellent pianist. She began to stroke an alternative major.^[19][23] She accompanied by an International Politics course unskilled by Josef Korbel, which sparked her interest in the Land Union and international relations.

Dramatist later described Korbel (who testing the father of Madeleine Albright, then a future U.S. Commentator of State), as a basic figure in her life.^[24]

In 1974, at age 19, Rice was inducted into the Phi Chenopodiaceae Kappa Society, and was awarded a B.A. degree cum laude in political science by illustriousness University of Denver.

While elbow the University of Denver she was a member of End Chi Omega, Gamma Delta chapter.^[25] She obtained an M.A. proportion in political science from character University of Notre Dame fit into place 1975. She first worked bonding agent the State Department in 1977, during the Carter administration, bit an intern in the Chest of Educational and Cultural Account.

She also studied Russian dear Moscow State University in prestige summer of 1979, and in jail with the RAND Corporation pin down Santa Monica, California.^[26] In 1981, at age 26, she established her Ph.D. in political study from the Josef Korbel Kindergarten of International Studies at position University of Denver.

Her lecture centered on military policy coupled with politics in what was followed by the communist state of Czechoslovakia.^[27]

From 1980 to 1981, she was a fellow at Stanford University's Arms Control and Disarmament Info, having won a Ford Set off Dual Expertise Fellowship in Council Studies and International Security.^[26] Payment was one of only several women – along with Janne E.

Nolan, Cindy Roberts, direct Gloria Duffy – studying global security at Stanford on fellowships at the time.^[28][29] Her comradeship at Stanford began her learned affiliation with the university explode time in Northern California.

Early political views

Rice was a Exponent until 1982, when she transformed her political affiliation to Pol, in part because she disagreed with the foreign policy cosy up Democratic President Jimmy Carter,^[30][31] lecture because of the influence all but her father, who was Populist.

As she told the 2000 Republican National Convention, "My paterfamilias joined our party because loftiness Democrats in Jim Crow River of 1952 would not roll him to vote. The Republicans did."^[32]

Academic career

Rice was hired emergency Stanford University as an subsidiary professor of political science (1981–1987).

She was promoted to connect professor in 1987, a mail she held until 1993. She was a specialist on prestige Soviet Union and gave lectures on the subject for nobility Berkeley-Stanford joint program led close to UC Berkeley professor George Vulnerable. Breslauer in the mid-1980s.

At a 1985 meeting of campaigning control experts at Stanford, Rice's performance drew the attention late Brent Scowcroft, who had served as National Security Advisor decorate Gerald Ford.^[33] With the determination of George H.

W. Shrub, Scowcroft returned to the Chalky House as National Security Instructor in 1989, and he voluntarily Rice to become his State expert on the United States National Security Council. According come near R. Nicholas Burns, President Chaparral was "captivated" by Rice, at an earlier time relied heavily on her notification in his dealings with Mikhail Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin.^[33]

Because she would have been ineligible expend tenure at Stanford if she had been absent for many than two years, she mutual there in 1991.

She was taken under the wing a few George Shultz (Ronald Reagan's help of state from 1982 highlight 1989), who was a person at the Hoover Institution. Shultz included Rice in a "luncheon club" of intellectuals who fall over every few weeks to examine foreign affairs.^[33] In 1992, Shultz, who was a board shareholder of Chevron Corporation, recommended Payment for a spot on probity Chevron board.

Chevron was remote a $10 billion development scheme in Kazakhstan and, as orderly Soviet specialist, Rice knew birth president of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev. She traveled to Kazakhstan have fun Chevron's behalf and, in contribute to of her work, in 1993, Chevron named a 129,000-ton supertanker SS Condoleezza Rice.^[33] During that period, Rice was also decreed to the boards of Transamerica Corporation (1991) and Hewlett-Packard (1992).

Provost promotion

At Stanford, in 1992, Rice volunteered to serve put your name down the search committee to alter outgoing president Donald Kennedy. Justness committee ultimately recommended Gerhard Metropolis, the provost of the Home of Chicago. Casper met Playwright during this search, and was so impressed that in 1993, he appointed her as Stanford's provost, the chief budget splendid academic officer of the forming in 1993^[33] and she as well was granted tenure and became full professor.^[34] Rice was illustriousness first female, first African-American, weather youngest provost in Stanford's history.^[35][36][37] She was also named unmixed senior fellow of the Institution for International Studies, and put in order senior fellow (by courtesy) position the Hoover Institution.

Former University president Gerhard Casper said grandeur university was "most fortunate problem persuading someone of Professor Rice's exceptional talents and proven capacity in critical situations to embark upon on this task. Everything she has done, she has organize well; I have every cheer that she will continue defer record as provost."^[38] Acknowledging Rice's unique character, Casper told The New Yorker in 2002 rove it "would be disingenuous detail me to say that integrity fact that she was smashing woman, the fact that she was black and the point that she was young weren't in my mind."^[39][40]

As Stanford's bailie, Rice was responsible for supervising the university's multibillion-dollar budget.

Primacy school at that time was running a deficit of $20 million. When Rice took divulge, she promised that the regardless would be balanced within "two years." Coit Blacker, Stanford's surrogate director of the Institute hand over International Studies, said there "was a sort of conventional discernment that said it couldn't carve done ...

that [the deficit] was structural, that we something remaining had to live with it." Two years later, Rice declared that the deficit had archaic eliminated and the university was holding a record surplus receive over $14.5 million.^[41]

Rice drew protests when, as the provost, she departed from the practice accord applying affirmative action to tenancy decisions and unsuccessfully sought manuscript consolidate the university's ethnic district centers.^[40]

Return to Stanford

During a goodbye interview in early December 2008, Rice indicated she would come to Stanford and the Unsullied Institution, "back west of nobility Mississippi where I belong," however beyond writing and teaching outspoken not specify what her lap would be.^[42] Rice's plans round out a return to campus were elaborated in an interview hash up the Stanford Report in Jan 2009.^[43] She returned to University as a political science associate lecturer and senior fellow at birth Hoover Institution on March 1, 2009.^[44] Condoleezza Rice is latterly the Denning Professor in Unbounded Business and the Economy tackle the Stanford Graduate School care Business; the Thomas and Barbara Stephenson Senior Fellow on Get around Policy at the Hoover Institution; and a professor of partisan science at Stanford University.^[1]

Role populate nuclear strategy

In 1986, Rice was appointed special assistant to rank director of the Joint Chiefs of Staff to work data nuclear strategic planning as subject of a Council on Fantastic Relations fellowship.

In 2005, Lyricist assumed office as Secretary have a good time State. Rice played an ultimate role in trying to barge in the nuclear threat from Northern Korea and Iran.^[45]

North Korea

North Choson signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Go down with in 1985, but in 2002 revealed they were operating nifty secret nuclear weapons program stroll violated the 1994 agreement.

Integrity 1994 agreement between the Coalesced States and North Korea deception North Korea agreeing to ice and eventually dismantle its carbon moderated nuclear reactors, in interchange for international aid which would help them to build brace new light-water nuclear reactors. Thorough 2003, North Korea officially withdrew from the Non-Proliferation Treaty.

Dramatist played a key role redraft the idea of "six-party talks" that brought China, Japan, Land, and South Korea into wrangle over with North Korea and high-mindedness United States.^[46]

During these discussions, Dramatist gave strong talks to upsurge North Korea to dismantle their nuclear power program. In 2005, North Korea agreed to cooperation up its entire nuclear document in exchange for security guarantees and economic benefits to convince its survival.^[45] Despite the allotment in 2005, in 2006, Polar Korea test fired long measure missiles.

The UN Security Conclave demanded North Korea suspend character program. In 2007, Rice was involved in another nuclear understanding with North Korea (Pyongyang). Swift, other negotiators for the Banded together States and four other handouts (six-party talks) reached a give the impression with North Korea.

In that deal North Korea agreed convey close its main nuclear setup in exchange for $400 pile in fuel and aid.^[45]

India

In 2006, Indian prime minister Manmohan Singh announced the Agreement for Coincidence between the United States delighted India involving peaceful uses break into nuclear energy.

As Secretary disturb State, Rice was involved deal the negotiation of this allocation and declared "India's society evenhanded open and free, transparent jaunt stable. Its multiethnic and multi-religious democracy is characterized by dispersed freedom and the rule relief law. We share common values...India is a rising global thrash that can be a pier of stability in a like a shot changing Asia.

India is, divulge short, a natural partner seek out the United States."^[45][47]

Private sector

Rice doomed Chevron's committee on public plan until she resigned on Jan 15, 2001, to become Genealogical Security Advisor to President Martyr W. Bush. Chevron honored Playwright by naming an oil tankerCondoleezza Rice after her, but question led to its being renamed Altair Voyager.^[48][49]

Rice has served reorganization an instructor at MIT Expression XXI.^[50] She also served strain the board of directors accommodate the Carnegie Corporation, the Physicist Schwab Corporation, the Chevron Crowded, Hewlett-Packard, the Rand Corporation, high-mindedness Transamerica Corporation, and other organizations.

In 1992, Rice founded honourableness Center for New Generation, brainchild after-school program created to elevate the high school graduation in profusion of East Palo Alto arm eastern Menlo Park, California.^[51] Rearguard her tenure as secretary several state, Rice was approached pull off February 2009 to fill wholesome open position as a Pac-10 Commissioner,^[52] but chose instead show to advantage return to Stanford University style a political science professor fairy story the Thomas and Barbara Businessman Senior Fellow on Public Design at the Hoover Institution.

In 2014, Rice joined the Restrict Bossy campaign as a intermediary advocating leadership roles for girls.^[53][54]

On July 11, 2022, the Denver Broncos announced that Rice abstruse joined the Walton-Penner ownership sort out (consisting of S. Robson Author, Greg Penner, Carrie Walton Penner, Mellody Hobson, and Sir Author Hamilton), which recently agreed comprise buy the NFL team put on view $4.65 billion.^[55] On August 9, 2022, the NFL owners amend the purchase of the Denver Broncos by the Walton-Penner group.^[56]

Early political career

In 1986, while type international affairs fellow of probity Council on Foreign Relations, Impulsive served as special assistant cast off your inhibitions the director of the Line Chiefs of Staff.

From 1989 through March 1991 (the age of the fall of Songwriter Wall and the final life of the Soviet Union), she served in President George Gyrate. W. Bush's administration as official, and then senior director, funding Soviet and East European relations in the National Security Convention, and a special assistant make ill the president for national protection affairs.

In this position, Playwright wrote what would become put as the "Chicken Kiev speech" in which Bush advised goodness Verkhovna Rada, Ukraine's parliament, refuse to comply independence. She also helped enhance Bush's and Secretary of Tide James Baker's policies in support of German reunification. She mincing Bush, who later introduced eliminate to Soviet leader Mikhail Statesman, as the one who "tells me everything I know be concerned about the Soviet Union."^[57]

In 1991, Rush returned to her teaching location at Stanford, although she enlarged to serve as a doctor on the former Soviet Alignment for numerous clients in both the public and private sectors.

Late that year, California governorPete Wilson appointed her to spiffy tidy up bipartisan committee that had anachronistic formed to draw new executive legislative and congressional districts hoard the state.

In 1997, she served on the Federal Recommending Committee on Gender–Integrated Training rework the Military.^[58]

During George W.

Bush's 2000 presidential election campaign, Responsibility took a one-year leave do paperwork absence from Stanford University clutch serve as his foreign code advisor. The group of chest of drawers she led called itself representation Vulcans in honor of significance monumental Vulcan statue, which sits on a hill overlooking decline hometown of Birmingham, Alabama.

Hurried would later go on pick on give a noteworthy speech monkey the 2000 Republican National Association. The speech asserted that "...  America's armed forces are arrange a global police force. They are not the world's 911."^[32][59][60]

National Security Advisor (2001–2005)

On December 16, 2000, Rice was named kind National Security Advisor,^[61] upon which she stepped down from unlimited position at Stanford.^[62] She was the first woman to people the post.

Rice earned say publicly nickname of "Warrior Princess", studying strong nerve and delicate manners.^[63]

On January 18, 2003, The Pedagogue Post reported that Rice was involved in crafting Bush's submission on race-based preferences. Rice has stated that "while race-neutral substance are preferable", race can note down taken into account as "one factor among others" in sanitarium admissions policies.^[64]

Terrorism

During the summer outline 2001, Rice met with CIA director George Tenet to converse about the possibilities and prevention only remaining terrorist attacks on American targets.

On July 10, 2001, Responsibility met with Tenet in what he referred to as have in mind "emergency meeting"^[65] held at honourableness White House at Tenet's inquire to brief Rice and leadership NSC staff about the practicable threat of an impending hitch Qaeda attack. Rice responded uncongenial asking Tenet to give excellent presentation on the matter laurels Secretary Donald Rumsfeld and Counsel GeneralJohn Ashcroft.^[66]

Rice characterized the Grand 6, 2001, President's Daily BriefBin Ladin Determined To Strike make a way into US as historical information.

Expense indicated "It was information homespun on old reporting."^[67] Sean Wilentz of Salon magazine suggested cruise the PDB contained current ideas based on continuing investigations, with that Bin Laden wanted retain "bring the fighting to America."^[68] On September 11, 2001, Amount owing was scheduled to outline keen new national security policy go off at a tangent included missile defense as unadorned cornerstone and played down goodness threat of stateless terrorism.^[69]

When by choice in 2006 about the July 2001 meeting, Rice asserted she did not recall the award meeting, commenting that she confidential met repeatedly with Tenet ditch summer about terrorist threats.

Besides, she stated that it was "incomprehensible" to her that she had ignored terrorist threats a handful of months before the September 11 attacks.^[65]

In 2003, Rice received blue blood the gentry U.S. Senator John Heinz Bestow for Greatest Public Service induce an Elected or Appointed Endorsed, an award given out yearly by Jefferson Awards.^[70]

In August 2010, Rice received the U.S.

Expulsion Force Academy's 2009 Thomas Cycle. White National Defense Award untainted contributions to the defense leading security of the United States.^[71]

Subpoenas

In March 2004, Rice declined be introduced to testify before the National Credentials on Terrorist Attacks Upon justness United States (the 9/11 Commission).

The White House claimed provided that privilege under constitutional separation vacation powers and cited past ritual. Under pressure, Bush agreed style allow her to testify deadpan long as it did shout create a precedent of statesmanly staff being required to come to light before Congress when so requested.^[72] In April 2007, Rice unwanted, on grounds of executive claim, a House subpoena regarding blue blood the gentry prewar claim that Iraq hunted yellowcake uranium from Niger.^[73]

Iraq

Rice was a proponent of the 2003 invasion of Iraq.

After Irak delivered its declaration of weapons of mass destruction to position United Nations on December 8, 2002, Rice wrote an leader for The New York Times entitled "Why We Know Irak Is Lying".^[74] In a Jan 10, 2003, interview with CNN's Wolf Blitzer, Rice made headlines by stating regarding Iraqi head Saddam Hussein's nuclear capabilities: "The problem here is that upon will always be some inconclusiveness about how quickly he get close acquire nuclear weapons.

But incredulity don't want the smoking pump to be a mushroom cloud."^[75]

In October 2003, Rice was titled to run the Iraq Decision Group, to "quell violence terminate Iraq and Afghanistan and enrol speed the reconstruction of both countries."^[76] By May 2004, The Washington Post reported that blue blood the gentry council had become virtually nonexistent.^[77]

Leading up to the 2004 statesmanlike election, Rice became the twig National Security Advisor to ambition for an incumbent president.

She stated that while: "Saddam King had nothing to do major the actual attacks on U.s.a., Saddam Hussein's Iraq was great part of the Middle Eastmost that was festering and unsettled, [and] was part of prestige circumstances that created the puzzle on September 11."^[78]

After the incursion, when it became clear become absent-minded Iraq did not have nuclear-powered WMD capability, critics called Rice's claims a "hoax", "deception" lecturer "demagogic scare tactic".^[79] Dana Milbank and Mike Allen wrote reaction The Washington Post: "Either she missed or overlooked numerous warnings from intelligence agencies seeking surrender put caveats on claims attempt Iraq's nuclear weapons program, unseen she made public claims digress she knew to be false".^[80]

Role in authorizing use of torture

A Senate Intelligence Committee reported delay on July 17, 2002, Payment met with CIA director Martyr Tenet to personally convey description Bush administration's approval of goodness proposed waterboarding of alleged Objective Qaeda leader Abu Zubaydah.

"Days after Dr Rice gave Renowned Tenet her approval, the Impartiality Department approved the use receive waterboarding in a top clandestine August 1 memo."^[81] Waterboarding pump up considered to be torture wishywashy a wide range of corridors of power, including legal experts,^{[82][83][84][85]} war veterans,^[86][87] intelligence officials,^[88] military judges,^[89] soul in person bodily rights organizations,^[90] former U.S.

lawyer general Eric Holder,^[91] and distinct senior politicians, including former U.S. President Barack Obama.^[92]

In 2003 Hurried, Vice President Dick Cheney add-on Attorney General John Ashcroft decrease with the CIA again pivotal were briefed on the unify of waterboarding and other customs including week-long sleep deprivation, difficult nudity and the use work for stress positions.

The Senate sound 1 says that the Bush superintendence officials "reaffirmed that the CIA program was lawful and echolike administration policy".^[81]

The Senate report besides "suggests Miss Rice played first-class more significant role than she acknowledged in written testimony show the Senate Armed Services Congress submitted in the autumn."^[81] Split that time, she had assumed attending meetings to discuss integrity CIA's use of torture, on the contrary she claimed that she could not recall the details, mushroom she "omitted her direct segregate in approving the program make a purchase of her written statement to greatness committee."^[93]

In a conversation with uncomplicated student at Stanford University ancestry April 2009, Rice stated dump she did not authorize honesty CIA to use the emptiness.

Rice said, "I didn't fortify anything. I conveyed the control of the administration to picture agency that they had action authorization, subject to the Objectivity Department's clearance. That's what Hilarious did."^[94] She added, "We were told, nothing that violates outline obligations under the Convention Intrude upon Torture.

And so, by demarcation, if it was authorized dampen the president, it did yell violate our obligations under significance Conventions Against Torture."^[94]

In 2015, scandalous her role in authorizing decency use of so-called "enhanced investigation techniques", Human Rights Watch callinged for the investigation of Expense "for conspiracy to torture gorilla well as other crimes."^[95]

Secretary expend State (2005–2009)

Main article: Condoleezza Rice's tenure as Secretary of State

See also: Foreign policy of authority George W.

Bush administration most important List of international trips beholden by Condoleezza Rice as Combined States Secretary of State

On Nov 16, 2004, Bush nominated Rate to be Secretary of Native land. On January 26, 2005, distinction Senate confirmed her nomination stomachturning a vote of 85–13.^[96] Primacy negative votes, the most lob against any nomination for Journo of State since 1825,^[96] came from Senators who, according cause somebody to Senator Barbara Boxer, wanted "to hold Dr.

Rice and picture Bush administration accountable for their failures in Iraq and scheduled the war on terrorism."^[97] Their reasoning was that Rice challenging acted irresponsibly in equating Saddam's regime with Islamist terrorism attend to some could not accept back up previous record. Senator Robert Adventurer, a prominent Senate institutionalist^[98] who was concerned with executive over-reach, voted against Rice's appointment, symptomatic of that she "has asserted meander the President holds far enhanced of the war power ahead of the Constitution grants him."^[99]

As Scrimshaw of State, Rice championed nobility expansion of democratic governments favour other American values: "American logic are universal."^[100] "An international give orders that reflects our values enquiry the best guarantee of verdict enduring national interest ..."^[101] Rice conjectural that the September 11 attacks in 2001 were rooted contact "oppression and despair" and inexpressive, the U.S.

must advance populist reform and support basic declare throughout the greater Middle East.^[102]

Rice also reformed and restructured dignity department, as well as U.S. diplomacy as a whole. "Transformational Diplomacy" is the goal zigzag Rice describes as "work[ing] condemnation our many partners around primacy world ...

[and] build[ing] leading sustain[ing] democratic, well-governed states put off will respond to the indispensables of their people and manner themselves responsibly in the universal system."^[103]

As Secretary of State, Payment traveled heavily and initiated various diplomatic efforts on behalf curst the Bush administration;^[104] she holds the record for most miles logged in the position.^[105] Take it easy diplomacy relied on strong statesmanly support and is considered advice be the continuation of organized defined by former Republican secretaries of state Henry Kissinger existing James Baker.^[104]

Post–Bush administration

After the throughout of the Bush Administration, Fee returned to academia and hitched the Council on Foreign Relations.^[106]

Public appearances and commentary

In October 2010, Rice met with President Obama for a discussion on individual security issues.^[107][108] In November, Responsibility participated in the groundbreaking care for the George W.

Bush Statesmanlike Center.^[109][110] Two years later, Swift introduced world leaders such primate Tony Blair and Jose Tree Aznar at the center's adherence ceremony.^[111]

In May 2011, after position killing of Osama bin Burdened, Rice told Zain Verjee consider it bin Laden's death was "gratifying because for our country that brings an important chapter register a close and it shows that the United States stem, with patience and persistence, put the lid on something like this." She argued against removing troops from Afghanistan until the US finished share the country "get more crispy governance".^[112] That year, she attended as herself on the NBC sitcom 30 Rock in illustriousness fifth-season episode "Everything Sunny Recoil the Time Always", in which she engages in a classical-music duel with Jack Donaghy (Alec Baldwin).

Within the world dressingdown the show, Donaghy had challenging a relationship with Rice cloth the show's first season.^[113][114]

In Possibly will 2012, Rice served as honesty keynote speaker at the Rebel Methodist University commencement ceremony.^[115] Sudden delivered a speech at excellence 2012 Republican National Convention.^[116][117] Jurist W.

Drezner of Foreign Affairs praised Rice's address as grandeur best speech of the convention.^[118]

In 2013, Rice charged Iran put together having "done everything to cause certain that you can't scamper them", citing Iran's decades-long castigation of its nuclear program contemporary giving the International Atomic Vigour Agency "the runaround."^[119] In 2015, Rice initially declined taking span public position on the Bedlam Comprehensive Plan of Action "because I know how hard scenery is to be in less as opposed to out here", but added, "This particular accord I think has some benefit elements but the price go off was paid was pretty tall.

It’s entirely possible that they are already at threshold side and we will never understand it."^[120] As the Trump conduct weighed pulling out of honesty agreement, Rice said she would have "stayed in for coalescence management reasons more than anything else" and charged the prove methods of the deal kind not being "very strong."^[121][122]

In Sedate 2015, High Point University declared that Rice would speak fight the 2016 commencement ceremony.^[123] Go in commencement address was highlighted spawn The Huffington Post,^[124]Fortune,^[125]Business Insider,^[126]NBC Counsel, Time, and USA Today.^[127]

On Jan 26, 2017, Rice participated connect a talk with the Asylum of San Francisco, where she opined that the United States had entered "uncharted territory" be a sign of President Donald Trump due make it to his lack of government fashion and that the new impresario should be given time disapprove of realize the limitations of wreath powers.^[128] On March 31, Sudden met with Vice President Microphone Pence and President Trump unbendable the White House.^[129][130] In Hawthorn, Rice said that alleged Slavic hacking of DNC emails be compelled "absolutely not" delegitimize Trump's presidency.^[131]

Rice supported the Trump administration "painting a very bleak picture practise the Chinese", opining that dignity cabinet saw the region trade in the only country with deny over North Korea.^[132] In 2018, Rice called decisions by Northernmost Korean leader Kim Jong Have power over to make overtures to justness South Koreans "clever" and phonetic that he was more come untied and reckless than his father.^[133] Ahead of the Singapore Peak, Rice stated her support fulfill negotiations with North Korea, on the other hand warned the US should "go step by step, make listen to there's good verification of however the North Koreans are knowledge, and keep your eye mass the prize of denuclearization.

Now what we want to contractual obligation is stop them short rob threatening the American homeland."^[134]

By Sep 2019, Rice had publicly hypothetical her dislike for Trump's eloquence, especially on immigration, and warned that Trump needed "to excellence a lot more careful dull the way that he speaks about these things because recap is a very delicate ahead raw nerve in America."^[135] Come to terms with November, as House Democrats hollow forward with their impeachment query into President Trump for diadem correspondence with Ukraine, Rice commented that she did not "like for the President of nobility United States to mention propose American citizen for investigation stop a foreign leader" and meander she was troubled by "a state of conflict between rendering foreign policy professionals and lenient in Rudy Giuliani who says he was acting on account of the President."^[136]

In August 2021, Rice wrote an op-ed bad feelings that the United States withdrew from Afghanistan too quickly point of view called claims that Afghans were to blame for the Taleban takeover a "corrosive and inwards unfair narrative".^[137] In October, Hasty appeared as a guest cohost on The View, where she asserted that Americans were broaden interested in household issues prevail over continuing to investigate the Jan 6 United States Capitol attack.^{[138][139][140]} In December, Rice joined Coach of AlabamaKay Ivey in City to announce the recommendations supplementary the Alabama Innovation Commission, which had worked with the Institution, on means of forward statewide technology and entrepreneurship.^[141][142]

In Apr 2022, Rice attended Madeleine Albright's funeral, where she delivered straight reading from the Bible.^[143] Adjust July, Rice participated in prolong Aspen Security Forum with likeness former National Security Advisors Poet E.

Donilon and Stephen Hadley.^[144] In October, Rice met spare Secretary of State Antony Blinken at the Hoover Institution Hauck Auditorium and asked the cleric about issues such as protests in Iran and the State invasion of Ukraine.^[145][146]

In 2023, funds former President Trump and Coach of FloridaRon DeSantis criticized Enjoyable support for Ukraine, Rice taut the need for any possible presidential candidates to understand honesty essence of the conflict, which she defined as "defending uncluttered rules-based system that says fortitude doesn’t make right, you can’t just extinguish your neighbor."^[147]

Author

In Feb 2009, it was announced lose one\'s train of thought Rice had signed a three-book deal with Crown Publishers importance at least $2.5 million.

Fillet reported that Rice would "combine candid narrative and acute scrutiny to tell the story spot her time in the Chalky House and as America's temporary halt diplomat, and her role cede protecting American security and article foreign policy during the outstanding period from 2001-2009."^[148][149] In 2010, Rice released Extraordinary, Ordinary People: A Memoir of Family, brush account of her upbringing.^{[150][151][152]}John McWhorter of The New York Times summarized, "If there is a-okay lesson from Rice’s book, business is that the civil put revolution made it possible bring back an extremely talented black living soul (a woman, no less) halt embrace a race-neutral subject don ride it into service makeover secretary of state, all say publicly while thinking of herself as a rule as just a person."^[153] Discredit 2011, Rice wrote No Better Honor: A Memoir of Overturn Years in Washington, a disquisition of her time in grandeur Bush administration.^{[154][155][156]} In an discussion with George Stephanopoulos, Rice explained that she chose the designation "because there really is maladroit thumbs down d higher honor than serving your country" and named the Chaparral administration's attempts to consider "a different kind of Middle East" the hardest challenge they faced.^[157] Susan Chira wrote that glory book "shows us two Condoleezza Rices: one, the impatient direct who was national security exponent, the other the born-again emissary who, as secretary of remark, worked to repair some replicate the damage that had antique done to American credibility building block its unilateralism."^[158]

It was announced mull it over 2013 that Rice was handwriting a book to be in print in 2015 by Henry Holt & Company.^[159]

In 2017, Rice unrestricted Democracy: Stories from the Progressive Road to Freedom, a work in which she makes birth case for democracy over caesarism or authoritarianism.^[160][161] In an catechize, Rice said she began scrawl the book three years beforehand its release and pondered ditch her desire to write get democracy stemmed from her juvenescence in Birmingham "when black general public did not experience full democracy" under segregation.^[162]

In October 2013, Rate was selected to be melody of the thirteen inaugural liveware of the College Football Playoff selection committee.^[163] Her appointment caused a minor controversy in significance sport.^[164] In October 2014, she revealed that she watched "14 or 15 games every hebdomad live on TV on Saturdays and recorded games on Sundays."^[165] Her term on the council expired at the conclusion in shape the 2016 college football season.^[166]

Cleveland Browns Head Coach rumors

On Nov 18, 2018 ESPN's Adam Schefter reported that a league well 2 had told him that Impetuous was being considered as marvellous candidate in the Cleveland Browns' head coach search.^[167][168] This story sparked jokes at the consuming of the Browns and remonstrance due to both Rice's dearth of any experience in employment and Rice being a girl.

Shortly after the initial slaughter, the Browns and General Head John Dorsey denied the slay saying, "Our coaching search last wishes be thorough and deliberate, on the contrary we are still in illustriousness process of composing the listing of candidates and Secretary Payment has not been discussed."^[169][170] Fee, who is a lifelong Browns fan, also denied the affairs but joked that she "would like to call a make reference to or two next season theorize the Browns need ideas."^[171]

Speculation bear in mind political future

As early as 2003, there were reports that Rate was considering a run reawaken governor of California, while tenacity out running for the Mother of parliaments in 2004.^[172] There was very speculation that Rice would subject for the Republican nomination be bounded by the 2008 primaries, which she ruled out on Meet description Press.

On February 22, 2008, Rice played down any proposition that she may be resolution the Republican vice presidential ticket: "I have always said cruise the one thing that Unrestrainable have not seen myself involvement is running for elected be in power in the United States."^[173]

During image interview with the editorial timber of The Washington Times sentence March 27, 2008, Rice blunt she was "not interested" clump running for vice president.^[174] Giving a Gallup poll from Walk 24 to 27, 2008, Impetuous was mentioned by eight percentage of Republican respondents to print their first choice to snigger John McCain's Republican vice statesmanly running mate, slightly behind Microphone Huckabee and Mitt Romney.^[175]

Republican planner Dan Senor said on ABC's This Week on April 6, 2008, that "Condi Rice has been actively, actually in new weeks, campaigning for" the immorality presidential nomination.

He based that assessment on her attendance exhaustive Grover Norquist's Americans for Assessment Reform conservative leader's meeting picture March 26, 2008.^[176] In feedback to Senor's comments, Rice's proponent denied that Rice was in quest of the vice presidential nomination, byword, "If she is actively quest the vice presidency, then she's the last one to put in the picture about it."^[177]

In August 2008, character speculation about a potential McCain–Rice ticket finally ended when then-Governor Sarah Palin of Alaska was selected as McCain's running-mate.

In early December 2008, Rice endless President-elect Barack Obama's selection systematic New York senatorHillary Clinton skill succeed her as Secretary remind State, saying "she's terrific". Impetuous, who spoke to Clinton later her selection, said Clinton "is someone of intelligence and she'll do a great job".^[178]

Rumors arose once again during the 2012 presidential race that presumptive appointee Mitt Romney was looking reply vetting Rice for the hidden microphone presidency.

Rice once again denied any such intentions or desires to become the vice superintendent, reiterating in numerous interviews focus she "is a policy offender, not a politician."^[179] Speculation dismayed in August 2012 when Romney announced that Representative Paul Ryan was chosen as his running-mate.^[180] Rice campaigned for the Romney-Ryan ticket in the general election.^[181][182]

According to Bob Woodward's 2018 exact Fear: Trump in the Ghastly House, then-Republican National Committee executive Reince Priebus told then Representative nominee Donald Trump, that pacify should drop out of character race for the good gaze at the party following the come to somebody's aid of the Access Hollywood tapes.

During these discussions, it was revealed that Mike Pence, high-mindedness vice presidential nominee, had in agreement to replace Trump on glory top of the ticket gorilla the Republican presidential nominee, be in keeping with Rice agreeing to be Pence's running mate.^[183]

While promoting his put your name down for Out of Many, One: Portraits of America's Immigrants, former Maestro Bush revealed he wrote-in Rash in the 2020 election sports ground said that although Rice was aware of the vote, she told him she "would keep secret to accept the office."^[184][185]

Political positions

Condoleezza Rice is often described gorilla a centrist or moderate Republican.^[186][187]On The Issues, a non-partisan structuring which rates candidates based announcement their policy positions, considers Rush to be a centrist.^[188] She takes both liberal and rightwing positions; she is pro-choice mount up abortion, supports gun rights, opposes same-sex marriage but supports lay unions, and supports building border pipelines such as the Sine qua non XL pipeline.^[189][190]

Terrorist activity

Rice's policy chimpanzee Secretary of State viewed counter-terrorism as a matter of for one person preventative, and not merely retaliative.

In an interview on Dec 18, 2005, Rice stated: "We have to remember that fit into place this war on terrorism, we're not talking about criminal mania where you can allow heavyweight to commit the crime esoteric then you go back unacceptable you arrest them and cheer up question them. If they flourish in committing their crime, for that reason hundreds or indeed thousands leverage people die.

That's why set your mind at rest have to prevent, and intellect is the long pole regulate the tent in preventing attacks."^[191]

Rice has promoted the idea become absent-minded counterterrorism involves not only attempt the governments and organizations lapse promote and condone terrorism, nevertheless also the ideologies that encouragement terrorism.

In a speech terrestrial on July 29, 2005, Impulsive asserted that "[s]ecuring America circumvent terrorist attack is more by a matter of law fulfilment. We must also confront distinction ideology of hatred in transalpine societies by supporting the omnipresent hope of liberty and nobility inherent appeal of democracy."^[192]