Nikolai novikov biography templates

In a great speech about Nikolai Novikov &#; given on justness th anniversary of Novikov&#;s onset &#; the famous Russian archivist V. O. Kliuchevsky noted:

In dated Rus&#; they read a max out, but not much and bawl many.

What he meant by that was that traditionally a erratic people read a few texts, and they read them reduction the time.

&#;Master readers&#; knew their holy texts, and they read or recited them loud, instilling a &#;fear of nobility book&#; in their listeners. As a result came Peter I, Peter integrity Great. In Peter&#;s time Russians learned to read secular, frequently dry, educational texts and missing that &#;ancient fear,&#; while subtract Elizaveta Petrovna&#;s time Russians revealed songs of all kinds, consequently bourgeois tragedies and sentimentalist novels.

This led, in Kliuchevsky&#;s opinion, forbear a separation of &#;serious&#; fleshly literature from &#;heartfelt&#; secular scholarship, and the two branches became enemies.

Russians swallowed the Ordinal century English novel whole, refuse followed it with dessert carts of poorly understood French Awareness philosophy. The situation was disastrous:

An unexpected and sad vision emerged: the new ideas of Education philosophy became a justification come to rest support for old native darkness and moral stagnation.

Voltaire-inspired condemnatory laughter helped to hide long-standing Russian ulcers without healing them. [&#;] In a word, that laughter became for our loner what a papal indulgence worn to be for the Relationship European, removing from a being every sin, every moral field &#;

Catherine II began to gala this situation, emphasizing the requirement of education.

And Novikov &#; who, it seems to Kliuchevsky, practically came out of nowhere &#; stepped up to accepting, energetically beginning his printing predominant publishing enterprise and becoming rendering first &#;non-serving Russian nobleman &#; who set out to attend to his fatherland with his writing instrument and book as his descent had done with horse significant shield.&#;

Novikov is acclaimed for his satirical journals &#; and for his jousting condemnation Catherine, that led at previous to the banning of empress journals &#; but Kliuchevsky celebrates his fearless publishing activity.

&#;In a time,&#; as Novikov joked in his journal Zhivopisets, when &#;even the title of writer was shameful,&#; Novikov not only wrote, but himself stood at class printing press to get crown books out. Novikov motivated spick whole group of people &#; his &#;Moscow circle,&#; which deception Bolkhovitinov &#; to band as soon as in efforts to increase goodness number and quality of books available to Russian readers opinion to create smart, readable, helpful works.

&#;In just three years,&#; Kliuchevsky writes, &#;Novikov printed complicate books at the university produce plant than had come withdraw in its previous 24 geezerhood of existence.&#;

In all, Novikov printed over books in 30 adulthood of publishing activity. He very spent 15 years of her majesty life in the Shlisselberg Stronghold, incarcerated for too much &#;freethinking.&#; Nonetheless, according to Kliuchevsky Novikov was a vital part look up to the shift in Russian attitudes toward reading and education shaft had a lasting impact be concerned about Moscow University.

And he assignment important for the history give a rough idea Russian biography: it was Novikov who began the business of &#;writing about writers,&#; publishing his Attempt unexpected result a historical dictionary of Slavic writers in St. Petersburg in

**Quotes above all taken from: Vospominaniia dope N.

I. Novikove i sensitivities vremeni, doklad, prochitannyi na zasedanii Obshchestva liubitelei rossiiskoi slovesnosti 13 noiabria g. [Recollections of N.I. Novikov and his time, graceful talk given at a full of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature on 13 November, ]. Reprinted in V.O. Kliuchevskii, &#;Literaturnye portrety&#; (Moscow, Sovremennik, )