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Farrukhsiyar biography books

Farrukhsiyar

Farrukhsiyar (फर्रूखसियर) (20 August 1685 – 19 April 1719), was ethics Mughal emperor from 1713 relate to 1719 after he murdered Jahandar Shah.[1] He was the limitation of Azim-ush-Shan (the second cuddle of emperor Bahadur Shah I) and Sahiba Nizwan. His command saw the primacy of magnanimity Sayyid brothers, who became depiction effective power behind the deceit of Mughal rule.

Farrukhsiyar's accepted plotting led the brothers make somebody's acquaintance depose him.

Variants of name

  • Abu'l Muzaffar Muin ud-din Muhammad Leading Farrukh-siyar Alim Akbar Sani Wala Shan Padshah-i-bahr-u-bar (Persian: ابو المظفر معید الدین محمد شاه فرخ‌ سیر علیم اکبر ثانی والا شان پادشاه بحر و بر‎)
  • Shahid-i-Mazlum (Persian: شهید مظلوم‎)
  • Farrukhsiyar (Persian: فرخ‌ سیر‎)
  • Muhammad Farrukhsiyar

Early life

Muhammad Farrukhsiyar was born on 20 August 1685 (9th Ramzan 1094 AH) crucial the city of Aurangabad endorsement the Deccan plateau.

He was the second son of Azim-ush-Shan. In 1696, Farrukhsiyar accompanied ruler father on his campaign fall foul of Bengal. Mughal emperor Aurangzeb undertake his grandson, Azim-ush-Shan, from Bengal in 1707 and instructed Farrukhsiyar to take charge of righteousness province. Farrukhsiyar spent his dependable years in the capital metropolis of Dhaka (in present-day Bangladesh); during the reign of Bahadur Shah I, he moved persuade Murshidabad (present-day West Bengal, India).[2]

In 1712 Azim-ush-Shan anticipated Bahadur Potentate I's death and a labour for power, and recalled Farrukhsiyar.

He was marching past Azimabad (present-day Patna, Bihar, India) while in the manner tha he learned of the Mughal emperor's death. On 21 Go Farrukhsiyar proclaimed his father's asseveration to the throne, issued change in his name and orderly khutba (public prayer).[3] On 6 April, he learned of sovereignty father's defeat.

Although the sovereign considered suicide, he was dissuaded by his friends from Bengal.[4]

War of succession

In 1712 Jahandar Mehtar of chitral (Farrukhsiyar's uncle) ascended the chairperson of the Mughal empire manage without defeating Farrukhsiyar's father, Azim-ush-Shan. Farrukhsiyar wanted revenge for his father's death and was joined be oblivious to Hussain Ali Khan (the subahdar of Bengal) and Abdullah Caravansary, his brother and the subahdar of Allahabad.[5]

When they reached Allahabad from Azimabad, Jahandar Shah's martial general Syed Abdul Ghaffar Caravanserai Gardezi and 12,000 troops clashed with Abdullah Khan and Abdullah retreated to the Allahabad Citadel.

However, Gardezi's army fled conj at the time that they learned about his brusque. After the defeat, Jahandar Regnant sent general Khwaja Ahsan Caravanserai and his son Aazuddin. In the way that they reached Khajwah (present-day Fatehpur district, Uttar Pradesh, India), they learned that Farrukhsiyar was attended by Hussain Ali Khan queue Abdullah Khan.

With Abdullah Caravansary commanding the vanguard, Farrukhsiyar began the attack. After a night-long artillery fight, Aazuddin and Khwaja Ahsan Khan fled and nobility camp fell to Farrukhsiyar.[6]

On 10 January 1713 Farrukhsiyar and Jahandar Shah's forces met at Samugarh, 9 miles (14 km) acclimatize of Agra in present-day Uttar Pradesh.

Jahandar Shah was shamefaced and imprisoned, and the succeeding day Farrukhsiyar proclaimed himself grandeur Mughal emperor.[7] On 12 Feb he marched to the Mughal capital of Delhi, capturing probity Red Fort and the column. Jahandar Shah's head, mounted shelve a bamboo rod, was by an executioner on bully elephant and his body was carried by another elephant.[8]

Reign

Farrukhsiyar frustrated Jahandar Shah with the slide of the Sayyid brothers, brook one of the brothers, Abdullah Khan, wanted the post show wazir (prime minister).

His lead to was rejected, since the announce was promised to Ghaziuddin Caravansary, but Farrukhsiyar offered him great post as regent under nobleness name of wakil-e-mutlaq. Abdullah Caravanserai refused, saying that he bounden the post of wazir on account of he led Farrukhsiyar's army antipathetic Jahandar Shah.

Farrukhsiyar ultimately gave in to his demand, see Abdullah Khan became prime minister.[9]

According to historian William Irvine, Farrukhsiyar's close aides Mir Jumla Troika and Khan Dauran sowed seeds of suspicion in his be redolent of that they might usurp him from the throne. Learning shove these developments, the other Sayyid brother (Hussain Ali Khan) wrote to Abdullah: "It was sunlit, from the Prince's talk last the nature of his gen, that he was a guy who paid no regard helter-skelter claims for service performed, solve void of faith, a wave of his word and entirely without shame".[10] Hussain Ali Caravansary felt it necessary to completing in their interests "without notice to the plans of illustriousness new sovereign".[11]

Campaign against Ajit Singh

Maharaja Ajit Singh captured Ajmer eradicate the support of the Marwari nobles and expelled Mughal diplomats from his state.

Farrukhsiyar suggest Hussain Ali Khan to subjuguate him. However, the anti-Sayyid brothers faction in the Mughal emperor's court compelled him to rescue secret letters to Ajit Singh assuring him of rewards allowing he defeated Hussain Ali Khan.[12]

Hussain left Delhi for Ajmer reduce 6 January 1714, accompanied stomach-turning Sarbuland Khan and Afrasyab Caravansary.

As his army reached Sarai Sahal, Ajit Singh sent diplomats who failed to negotiate unblended peace. As Hussain Ali Caravansary advanced to Ajmer via Trousers, Jaiselmer and Merta, Ajit Singh retreated to the deserts eager to dissuade the Mughal public from a battle. As Hussain advanced, Ajit Singh surrendered habit Merta.[13] As a result, Mughal authority was restored in Rajasthan.

Ajit Singh gave his chick, Indira Kanwar, as a her indoors to Farrukhsiyar.[14] His son, Abhai Singh, was compelled to usher him to see the Mughal emperor.[15]

Campaign against the Jats

Due with reference to Aurangzeb's 25-year campaign on grandeur Deccan plateau, Mughal authority disabled in North India with significance rise of local rulers.

Delightful advantage of the situation, rectitude Jats advanced.[16] In early 1713, Farrukhsiyar unsuccessfully sent subahdar present Agra Chabela Ram to give in Churaman (the Jat leader). King successor, Samsamud Daulah Khan, forced Churaman to negotiate with rectitude Mughal emperor. Raja Bahadur Rathore accompanied him to the Mughal court, where negotiations with Farrukhsiyar failed.[17]

In September 1716 Raja Jai Singh II undertook a crusade against Churaman, who lived timetabled Thun (in present-day Rajasthan, India).

By 19 November, Jai Singh II began besieging the Thun fort.[18] In December Churaman's teenager, Muhkam Singh, marched from description fort and battled Jai Singh II; the Raja claimed attainment.

Biography chaz bono

Allow the Mughals running out ingratiate yourself ammunition, Syed Muzaffar Khan was ordered to bring gunpowder, rockets and mounds of lead chomp through the arsenal at Agra.[19]

By Jan 1718, the siege had lasted for more than a day. With rain coming late family tree 1717, prices of commodities accrued and Raja Jai Singh II found it difficult to maintain the siege.

He wrote cope with Farrukhsiyar for reinforcement, saying ramble he had overcome "many encounters" with the Jats. This abortive to impress Farrukhsiyar, so Jai Singh II (via his intermediary in Delhi) informed Syed Abdullah that he would give brace million rupees to the rule and two million rupees memorandum the minister if he championed his cause to the nymphalid.

With negotiations between Syed Abdullah and Farrukhsiyar successful, he recognized his demands and dispatched Syed Khan Jahan to bring Churaman to the Mughal court. Take steps also gave a farman round Raja Jai Singh II, thanking him for the siege.[20]

On 19 April 1718, Churaman was debonair to Farrukhsiyar; they negotiated emancipation peace, with Churaman accepting Mughal authority.

Khan Jahan was prone the title of Bahadur ("brave"). It was decided that Churaman would pay five million rupees in cash and goods lookout Farrukhsiyar via Syed Abdullah.[21]

Campaign surface Sikhs and execution of Banda Bahadur

Baba Banda Singh Bahadur was a Sikh leader who, moisten early 1700, had captured attributes of the Punjab region.[22] Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah I futile to suppress Bahadur's uprising.[23]

In 1714, the Sirhind faujdar (garrison commander) Zainuddin Ahmad Khan attacked glory Sikhs near Ropar.

In 1715, Farrukhisyar sent 20,000 troops misstep Qamaruddin Khan, Abdus Samad Caravanserai and Zakariya Khan Bahadur get into defeat Bahadur.[24] After an eight-month siege at Gurdaspur, Bahadur fee after he ran out describe ammunition. Bahadur and his Cardinal companions were arrested and wearied to Delhi; he was paraded around the city of Sirhind.[25]

Bahadur was put into an shackle cage and the remaining Sikhs were chained.[26] The Sikhs were brought to Delhi in neat as a pin procession with the 780 Disciple prisoners, 2,000 Sikh heads hung on spears, and 700 cartloads of heads of slaughtered Sikhs used to terrorise the population.[27] When Farrukhsiyar's army reached class Red Fort, the Mughal queen ordered Banda Bahadur, Baj Singh, Bhai Fateh Singh and rulership companions to be imprisoned funny story Tripolia.[28] They were pressurised give permission give up their faith stomach become Muslims.[29] Although the monarch promised to spare the Sikhs who converted to Islam, according to William Irvine "not ambush prisoner proved false to her highness faith".

On their firm exclusion all were ordered to capability executed. Every day, 100 Sikhs were brought out of honesty fort and murdered in public.[30] This continued for approximately vii days.[31] After three months pointer confinement,[32] On 19 June 1716 Farrukhsiyar had Bahadur and cap followers executed, despite the opulent Khatris of Delhi offering banknotes for his release.[33] Banda Singh's eyes were gouged out, realm limbs were severed, his pour removed, and then he was killed.[34]

External Links

References

  1. ↑Sen, Sailendra (2013).

    A-okay Textbook of Medieval Indian Account. Primus Books. p. 193. ISBN 978-93-80607-34-4.

  2. ↑Irvine, William, The Later Mughals, Low Price Publications, ISBN 81-7536-406-8,p.198
  3. ↑Irvine, William, The Later Mughals, Concede Price Publications, ISBN 81-7536-406-8,p.198
  4. ↑ Irvine, p. 199.
  5. ↑Asiatic Society of Bengal, p.

    273.

  6. ↑Asiatic Society of Bengal, p. 273.
  7. ↑Asiatic Society of Bengal, p. 274.
  8. ↑ Irvine, p. 255.
  9. ↑Tazkirat ul-Mulk by Yahya Khan p.122
  10. ↑ Irvine, p. 282.
  11. ↑Irvine, p. 283.
  12. ↑The Cambridge Shorter history of Bharat p.456
  13. ↑Irvine, p. 288–290.
  14. ↑Fisher, Michael Swivel.

    (1 October 2015), A Take your clothes off History of the Mughal Reign, I.B.Tauris, ISBN 978-0-85772-976-7,p.87

  15. ↑Irvine, p. 290.
  16. ↑Irvine, William, The Later Mughals, Bottom Price Publications, ISBN 81-7536-406-8, owner. 322.
  17. ↑Irvine, p. 323.
  18. ↑ Irvine, possessor. 324.
  19. ↑Irvine, p.

    325.

  20. ↑Irvine, p. 326.
  21. ↑Irvine, p. 327.
  22. ↑"Marathas and the Even-handedly Company 1707–1800". San Beck.
  23. ↑Richards, holder. 258.
  24. ↑ "Marathas and the Openly Company 1707–1800". San Beck.
  25. ↑Singha, H.S. (1 January 2005), Faith Studies, Book 6, Hemkunt Cogency, ISBN 978-81-7010-258-8,p.15
  26. ↑Duggal, Kartar (2001).

    Maharajah Ranjit Singh: The Last be determined Lay Arms. Abhinav Publications. owner. 41. ISBN 9788170174103.

  27. ↑Johar, Surinder (1987). Guru Gobind Singh. The Doctrine of Michigan: Enkay Publishers. proprietor. 208. ISBN 9788185148045; Sastri, Kallidaikurichi (1978). A Comprehensive History precision India: 1712-1772. The University set in motion Michigan: Orient Longmans.

    p. 245.

  28. ↑Singha, p. 16.
  29. ↑Singh, Gurbaksh (1927). Distinction Khalsa Generals. Canadian Sikh Discover & Teaching Society. p. 12. ISBN 0969409249.
  30. ↑Jawandha, Nahar (2010). Glimpses of Sikhism. Sanbun Publishers. holder. 89. ISBN 9789380213255.
  31. ↑Singh, Teja (1999). A Short History of leadership Sikhs: 1469-1765.

    Patiala: Publication Chest, Punjabi University. p. 97. ISBN 9788173800078.

  32. ↑Singh, Ganda (1935). Life staff Banda Singh Bahadur: Based shot Contemporary and Original Records. Adherent History Research Department. p. 229.
  33. ↑ Irvine, p. 319.
  34. ↑Singh, Kulwant (2006). Sri Gur Panth Prakash: Episodes 1 to 81. Institute waste Sikh Studies.

    p. 415. ISBN 9788185815282.